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This slide has been left intentionally blank. 2.1 Cell Structure & Function 2.2 Cell Transport 2.3 Enzymes 2.4 Cell Energy Cells have certain structures that perform specific jobs. 1. o Build and move stuff o Ribosomes, SER (lipids), RER (proteins) Golgi and SER/RER; vesicles Break stuff down o Lysosomes, peroxisomes Process energy o Mitochondria, chloroplast Maintain support/Regulate Entry Cytoskeleton (MT, MF), cell wall; cell membrane Problems Cells Solve Obtain Energy (Food) Get Rid of Waste Obtain Gases Make New Parts Get Needed Chemicals Balance Water Level Respond to the Environment Reproduce Plant • • • • All animal organelles Cell wall Chloroplast Centriole (no centrosome) Animal • No cell wall • No chloroplast • Centriole (with centrosome) Eukaryote • all but bacteria • larger • membranous organelles • Cell membrane • Cell wall (only plant) • Cilia, flagella Prokaryote • • • • • • Only bacteria smaller Only ribosomes, DNA Cell membrane Cell wall Cilia, flagella Which cell part modifies (changes), sorts, and packages proteins for the cell’s use? a. Smooth ER b. Golgi Body c. Chloroplast d. Nucleus Which of the following is NOT found in a plant cell? a. Cell Wall b. Cytoplasm c. Mitochondria d. Centrioles (with centrosomes) e. Vacuole This biomolecule is used in the cell to store energy and takes the formula of CH2O. a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Lipid d. Nucleic Acid Part 1 is the ______________. a. Mitochondria b. Cytoplasm c. Centrioles d. Nucleus e. Nucleolus This slide has been left intentionally blank. Part 7 is the ______________. a. Mitochondria b. Cytoplasm c. Cell membrane d. Nucleus e. Nucleolus Part 3 is the ______________. a. Ribosome b. Cytoplasm c. Cell membrane d. Nucleus e. Nucleolus 2.1 Cell Structure & Function 2.2 Cell Transport 2.3 Enzymes 2.4 Cell Energy o Cells use passive and active transport to move materials through the cell membrane. Problems Cells Solve Obtain Energy (Food) Get Rid of Waste Obtain Gases Make New Parts Get Needed Chemicals Balance Water Level Respond to the Environment Reproduce o o o o o o o o Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Permeable Semi-permeable Non-permeable Concentration gradient Cell Transport Passive Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Endocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis o The movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into available space. o Diffusion must follow these rules: 1. Cannot use ATP energy 2. Always moves molecules along the concentration gradient. • In other words, diffusion always goes “down hill”. • High concentration Low concentration o Active Transport is describe by these traits: o Uses ATP energy o Moves molecules against the concentration gradient. o In other words, it always goes “up hill”. o Low concentration high concentration Substances that move materials across a cell’s membrane (from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration) and use channel proteins but no energy, are an example of facilitated diffusion. a. True b. False When materials move across a membrane, the membrane is considered to be ________ to the materials. a. Non-permeable b. Semi-permeable c. Permeable d. None of the above This slide has been left intentionally blank. While cleaning a salt-water aquarium (with plants adapted to salt water), students remove the plants and place them in a container of distilled water (100% water). Assume that the salt-water plants have a solute concentration of 10% salt inside the cell. What effect will this change in environment have on the plant cells? a. b. c. d. The plant cells will separate from each other. The plant cells will shrink. The plant cells will expand. The plant cells will neither shrink nor expand. Active transport follows two basic rules: 1) ATP energy is used and 2) molecules move across the cell membrane from areas of high (low) concentration to areas of low (high) concentration. a. True b. False Problems Cells Solve Obtain Energy (Food) Get Rid of Waste Obtain Gases Make New Parts Get Needed Chemicals Balance Water Level Respond to the Environment Reproduce Osmosis allows water to pass through the cell membrane. Osmosis: diffusion of water Solute: solid dissolved in a liquid Solvent: liquid in which solid is dissolved Solution: combined solid and liquid Hypotonic: solution that has a lower concentration than inside a cell. 6) Hypertonic: solution that has a higher concentration compared to the inside a cell. 7) Isotonic: solution that has the same concentration compared to the inside a cell. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Water moves from areas of more water to areas of less water until equilibrium is reached. In other words, it is the diffusion of water. Water will travel down its concentration gradient (from high to low). Requires no ATP energy Isotonic Solution: Solute concentration is equal (inside and outside). Water concentration is equal (inside and outside) Effect: No change in cell shape or size. Isotonic Hypotonic Solution: Solute concentration outside the cell the cell is less than inside. Water concentration outside the cell is greater than inside. Effect: Cell will expand. Hypotonic Hypertonic Solution: Solute concentration outside the cell is greater than inside. Water concentration outside the cell is less than outside. Effect: Cell shrinks Hypertonic True or False: The cell is in a hypertonic solution. a. True b. False True or False: Predict the future of this cell. a. Take in water and expand b. Lose water and shrink c. Stay the same This slide has been left intentionally blank.