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Biology Honors Review Game Test 4
What is the main
distinguishing feature
between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
A: Prokaryotic cells do not
contain a membraneenclosed nucleus whereas
eukaryotic cells do.
What are plant cell walls
made of?
The polysaccharide
cellulose.
Describe endocytosis:
A: When the cell engulfs
substances by pinching off
a piece of its cell
membrane forming a
vesicle.
What is the function of the
nucleus, cytoskeleton, and
plasma membrane?
A: Nucleus- stores DNA,
cytoskeleton- supports
cell structure, plasma
membrane- selectively
permeable to let certain
things in and out.
What is the function of the
mitochondrion,
lysosomes, and
chloroplast?
A: Mitochondrion:
generates cellular energy,
lysosomes- hold digestive
enzymes, chloroplast:
generates ATP from
sunlight (photosynthesis)
What are the functions of
the central vacuole,
tonoplast, and flagellum?
What are the functions of
the contractile vacuole
and surface glycoprotein?
Central vacuole: stores
waste in plant cells,
tonoplast: encloses
vacuole in plant cell,
flagellum: aids locomotion
(movement)
A: Contractile vacuoleexpels water. Surface
glycoprotein: membrane
carbohydrates that
function in cell-to-cell
recognition.
Why is the cell membrane
semi-permeable or
selectively permeable?
Describe the phospholipid
bilayer:
A: It has transport
proteins that are specific
to what it lets in and out
and the phospholipid
bilayer is also selective.
A: The phospholipids are
amphipathic meaning one
side is polar and the other
is nonpolar. The
hydrophilic phosphate
heads faces the outside of
the cell membrane
whereas the hydrophobic
phosphate tails turn
inward.
What is diffusion and
osmosis?
Diffusion is the net,
RANDOM movement of
particles from an area of
high concentration to low
concentration and
osmosis is a specific
example of diffusion.
In order for plants to stay
turgid (firm and healthy),
then they should be
watered in:
A hypotonic solution so
water will flow inside the
plant cells (from an area
of low water potential to
an area of high water
potential)
What is solute potential?
The more solute that is
added, the lower the
solute potential since
What does hypotonic,
hypertonic, and isotonic
mean?
They are used to
COMPARE solutions to
each other.
Hypertonic: more solute,
less solvent
Hypotonic: less solute,
more solvent
Isotonic: equal levels of
solute and solvents.
Jimmy was sad to find his
plant dead after watering
it with Gatorade. Explain
why this happened.
The plant cells were
immersed in a hypertonic
solution (more salts) so
there was a net movement
of water particles outside
the plant cells.
What is equilibrium?
What is water potential?
When water molecules
move back and forth
through the semipermeable membrane at
equal rates because the
solutions are now
isotonic.
High water potential=
high free energy = high
water concentration
What is pressure
potential?
Describe osmosis in terms
of water potential/free
energy.
The amount of pressure
the cell wall must exert.
The higher the water
potential, the higher the
If more solute is added,
pressure potential
the less space water has to
because the cell wall
move which should pull
needs to push back
water potential down.
harder.
Water will move from a
region of high water
potential (or free energy)
to low water potential (or
free energy). This
supports the second law
of thermodynamics.
What are some
components of the cell
membrane?
Cholesterol, glycoprotein,
phospholipids, membrane
proteins, etc
If a red blood cell is placed
in a hypertonic solution
(in other words, if
extremely salty solution
was injected into
someone’s veins), what
would happen to their
blood cells?
They would shrivel.
Between a bag of 0.2 M
sucrose and 0.8 M sucrose,
which one has a higher
solute potential? Higher
water potential?
The 0.2 M bag has higher
solute potential and water
potential (since it has a
higher water
concentration)
What is active transport?
It uses ATP to fuel a nonspontaneous reaction
(moving substances
against a concentration
gradient from low
concentration to high
concentration).
What is passive transport
and give examples:
Passive transport- a
spontaneous reaction that
does not require ATP.
Examples include simple
diffusion (movement of
fats across the
phospholipid bilayer) and
facilitated diffusion
(diffusion across a
membrane protein)>
When a student placed a
0.2 M dialysis bag into
distilled water, what
happened?
If a student places a 0.2 M
dialysis bag into a 0.8 M
sucrose solution, what
would happen?
The bag gained mass
because the solution is
hypotonic, and the water
moved from a region of
high concentration to low
concentration.
Water would flow out of
the bag from a region of
high water potential to a
region of low water
potential.
How do you keep a plant
cell turgid?
What is a main difference
between animal cells and
plant cells?
Water it in a hypotonic
solution so water
constantly goes into the
cell.
Plant cells have a cell wall
and chloroplasts. Plant
cells have a neater
structure.