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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ A New National Identity Section 2 MAIN IDEAS 1. Growing nationalism led to improvements in the nation’s transportation systems. 2. The Missouri Compromise settled an important regional conflict. 3. The outcome of the election of 1824 led to controversy. Key Terms and People nationalism a sense of pride and devotion to a nation Henry Clay a U.S. representative from Kentucky who supported an emphasis on national unity American System a series of measures intended to make the United States economically self-sufficient Cumberland Road the first road built by the federal government Erie Canal a waterway that ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York Era of Good Feelings a U.S. era of peace, pride, and progress sectionalism disagreement between leaders of different regions Missouri Compromise an agreement that settled the conflict over Missouri’s application for statehood John Quincy Adams chosen as president by the House of Representatives in 1824 Academic Vocabulary incentive something that leads people to action Section Summary GROWING NATIONALISM Americans appreciated a rising sense of nationalism based on favorable negotiations with foreign nations. Henry Clay firmly supported this nationalism. Clay developed the American System to help create a stronger national economy and reduce regional disagreements. He pushed for a protective tariff and a national bank that would back a single currency to encourage interstate trade. The tariff funds could help improve roads and canals. How might a single currency encourage interstate trade? _______________________ _______________________ Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 103 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 2, continued The mainly dirt roads in the United States made travel hard in the early 1800s. The Cumberland Road stretched from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, on the Ohio River in present-day West Virginia. By 1850 its extension reached Illinois. Construction of the Erie Canal started in 1817 and was finished in 1825. Water transportation was often faster, less expensive, and easier than road travel. Using shovels, British, German, and Irish immigrants dug the entire canal by hand. At that time the United States enjoyed an Era of Good Feelings. The canal’s success was an incentive for a canal-building boom across the country. MISSOURI COMPROMISE Disagreements between the North and South, known as sectionalism, threatened the Union. When Missouri applied to enter the Union, the Union contained 11 free states and 11 slave states. The Senate’s balance would favor the South if Missouri entered as a slave state. Henry Clay persuaded Congress to agree to the Missouri Compromise. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state. This kept an equal balance in the Senate. Slavery was banned in new territories or states north of Missouri’s southern border. THE ELECTION OF 1824 Senator Andrew Jackson gained the most popular votes but not enough electoral votes to win the election. The House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as president. Jackson’s supporters claimed that Adams had made a “corrupt bargain” with Representative Henry Clay to win. Later, Adams named Clay secretary of state. The election controversy cost Adams support among Americans. Why were improvements in water transportation so important? _______________________ _______________________ How did Henry Clay help Missouri enter the Union? _______________________ _______________________ How did Andrew Jackson lose the election of 1824? _______________________ _______________________ CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Drawing Conclusions Would you support Adams despite the Clay controversy? Why or why not? Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 104 Guided Reading Workbook Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 2, continued DIRECTIONS Match the terms in the first column with their correct definitions from the second column by placing the letter of the correct definition in the space provided before each term. _____ 1. American System _____ 2. Era of Good Feelings _____ 3. Cumberland Road _____ 4. Erie Canal _____ 5. sectionalism _____ 6. Henry Clay a. Henry Clay’s plan to improve the U.S. economy b. U.S. representative who was a strong supporter of national unity c. allowed goods and people to move between all towns on Lake Erie and New York City _____ 7. John Quincy Adams d. settled the conflict surrounding Missouri entering the Union _____ 8. Missouri Compromise e. elected president in 1824 _____ 9. nationalism f. a sense of pride and devotion to a nation g. disagreements between different regions h. the period of prosperity enjoyed by the United States between 1815 and 1825 i. first road built by the federal government Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 105 Guided Reading Workbook