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A New National Identity
Section 2
MAIN IDEAS
1. Growing nationalism led to improvements in the nation’s transportation
systems.
2. The Missouri Compromise settled an important regional conflict.
3. The outcome of the election of 1824 led to controversy.
Key Terms and People
nationalism a sense of pride and devotion to a nation
Henry Clay a U.S. representative from Kentucky who supported an emphasis on
national unity
American System a series of measures intended to make the United States
economically self-sufficient
Cumberland Road the first road built by the federal government
Erie Canal a waterway that ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York
Era of Good Feelings a U.S. era of peace, pride, and progress
sectionalism disagreement between leaders of different regions
Missouri Compromise an agreement that settled the conflict over Missouri’s
application for statehood
John Quincy Adams chosen as president by the House of Representatives in 1824
Academic Vocabulary
incentive something that leads people to action
Section Summary
GROWING NATIONALISM
Americans appreciated a rising sense of
nationalism based on favorable negotiations with
foreign nations. Henry Clay firmly supported this
nationalism. Clay developed the American System
to help create a stronger national economy and
reduce regional disagreements. He pushed for a
protective tariff and a national bank that would back
a single currency to encourage interstate trade. The
tariff funds could help improve roads and canals.
How might a single
currency encourage
interstate trade?
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Section 2, continued
The mainly dirt roads in the United States made
travel hard in the early 1800s. The Cumberland
Road stretched from Cumberland, Maryland, to
Wheeling, on the Ohio River in present-day West
Virginia. By 1850 its extension reached Illinois.
Construction of the Erie Canal started in 1817
and was finished in 1825. Water transportation was
often faster, less expensive, and easier than road
travel. Using shovels, British, German, and Irish
immigrants dug the entire canal by hand. At that
time the United States enjoyed an Era of Good
Feelings. The canal’s success was an incentive for
a canal-building boom across the country.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
Disagreements between the North and South,
known as sectionalism, threatened the Union.
When Missouri applied to enter the Union, the
Union contained 11 free states and 11 slave states.
The Senate’s balance would favor the South if
Missouri entered as a slave state.
Henry Clay persuaded Congress to agree to the
Missouri Compromise. Missouri entered the Union
as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state.
This kept an equal balance in the Senate. Slavery
was banned in new territories or states north of
Missouri’s southern border.
THE ELECTION OF 1824
Senator Andrew Jackson gained the most popular
votes but not enough electoral votes to win the
election. The House of Representatives chose John
Quincy Adams as president. Jackson’s supporters
claimed that Adams had made a “corrupt bargain”
with Representative Henry Clay to win. Later,
Adams named Clay secretary of state. The election
controversy cost Adams support among Americans.
Why were improvements in
water transportation so
important?
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How did Henry Clay help
Missouri enter the Union?
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How did Andrew Jackson
lose the election of 1824?
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CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Drawing Conclusions Would
you support Adams despite the Clay controversy?
Why or why not?
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Section 2, continued
DIRECTIONS Match the terms in the first column with their correct
definitions from the second column by placing the letter of the correct
definition in the space provided before each term.
_____ 1. American System
_____ 2. Era of Good Feelings
_____ 3. Cumberland Road
_____ 4. Erie Canal
_____ 5. sectionalism
_____ 6. Henry Clay
a. Henry Clay’s plan to improve the U.S.
economy
b. U.S. representative who was a strong
supporter of national unity
c. allowed goods and people to move
between all towns on Lake Erie and
New York City
_____ 7. John Quincy Adams
d. settled the conflict surrounding
Missouri entering the Union
_____ 8. Missouri Compromise
e. elected president in 1824
_____ 9. nationalism
f. a sense of pride and devotion to a nation
g. disagreements between different regions
h. the period of prosperity enjoyed by the
United States between 1815 and 1825
i. first road built by the federal
government
Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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