Download aztec and inca civilization 1

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 The Aztec civilization
was composed of
tribes of wandering
warriors. Of these
tribes, the Mexica was
the most dominant. In
fact, it was from this
tribe that Mexico got
its name!
 The Aztec Empire’s capital
(Tenochtitlan) was located
on an island in the middle
of Lake Texcoco, in modern
day Mexico City.
Tenochtitlan
The Empire
 The Aztec empire began in
the 14th century and grew
until Spanish invasion in the
16th century
 The Aztecs expanded their
empire in the 1400’s by
conquering other people in
the region.
 The Aztec believed it was
honorable to die in battle for
the war god Huitzilopochtili.
 The Aztecs forced the people
they conquered to pay
tribute (taxes).
 Due to these tributes,
Tenochtitlan became a rich
center of trade and learning.
What modern day countries would have been
located within the Aztec empire?
Achievements
 Trade/learning
 Medicines
 Astronomy, calendar
http://library.thinkquest.org/
27981/calendar.html
 Chinampas (floating
gardens)
 hieroglyphics
 Emperor
 Nobles
 Priests
 Warriors
 Tradesmen
 Craftsmen
 Peasants (farmers)
 Slaves (lowest class)
 Polytheistic
 Chief god was
Huitzilopochtli, the sun
and war God
 Fought with darkness
each night to raise
the sun
 No promise the sun
would win and rise
 Sacrifice ensured sun
would rise
 Human sacrifice
 They believed the sun
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needed human blood to rise
every day
They thought sacrifices
kept the world alive
No cruelty or hatred was
meant toward victims
To be sacrificed was to
become like the gods
The way of death depended
on which god the victim
was being sacrificed for.
 365 day calendar and a
260 day ritual
calendar
 Treated with herbs
 Used prisoner of war
bodies to study
anatomy – could set
bones
 Steam baths used as
treatment
The Aztecs
End of the Aztec Civilization
 Spanish came in 1519
A.D. search of Gold,
God, and Glory
 Led by Hernan
Cortes
 Aztec thought Cortes
was the god
Quetzalcoatl "the
feathered serpent."
Cortes Reaches Tenochtitlan
Moctezuma submits to Cortes
The Aztecs Succumb to Disease and Cortes
End of the Aztec Civilization
 Emperor Montezuma
II (Moctezuma II)
taken hostage and
neighboring tribes
joined Spanish
 3/4ths of the Aztecs
died from war and
disease
The Establishment of Spanish Rule in Mexico
The Incas of Peru
 The Incan empire
began in Cuzco, a
village that is now
a city in Peru.
 Cuzco, founded by
Manco Capac (the
1st emperor) was
the capital of the
Incan empire.
Expanding Empire
 The Inca Empire spread along
the Western coast of South
America.
What mountain range is located
within the empire?
What modern day countries are
located within the empire?
Machu Picchu
 The “lost city” of
Machu Picchu
demonstrates the
detailed stonework
that has become a
trademark of the
Inca civilization.
The Incan City of Machu Picchu
Incan Achievements
 Roads – Incas
built 19,000 miles
of roads to help
govern the vast
empire and assist
in trade.
 Incas also built
canals and
aqueducts.
 An aqueduct is a
pipe or channel
designed to carry
water from a distant
source.
 The Incas did not have a
written language.
 To record information, Incas
used quipus.
 A quipu had a main cord
with several colored strings
attached to it. Each color
stood for an item, and knots
stood for numbers
Religion
 Similar to the Aztecs,
the Incas believed in
many gods.
 The sun god, Inti, was
very important.
 The Incan moral code:
ama suwa, ama llulla,
ama quella
 (do not steal, do not
lie, do not be lazy)
Farming
 The Incas
increased farming
by terracing steep
slopes.
 The road system
also allowed easier
distribution of
food.
Why didn’t the
Aztecs use
terracing?
The Inca Today
 Descendants still live in the
region and speak Quechua
(the Incan language).
 Atahualpa was the last
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ruler of the Inca Empire.
Atahualpa was the son of
the Inca emperor Huayna
Capac.
After his
father’s death, Atahualpa
fought against his brother
for control of the empire.
Atahualpa won the battle
and became Sapa Inca.
The Sapa Inca was thought
to be a living descendant of
the sun god.
 The Sapa Inca (Atahualpa)
was very wealthy. He was
carried by servants from
place to place on a special
chair.
 He wore gold jewelry and
ate from gold plates and
cups. He was considered to
be almost a god. Each day,
he was given new clothes to
wear. Even the walls of his
palace were made of gold
and silver.
 Led a voyage to explore the west
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coast of South America, south of
Panama.
He learned about the riches of
the Incas.
Went back to Spain to get
permission to invade and
conquer the Inca.
The Spanish king gave Pizarro
permission to take the Inca land
and claim it as part of Spain.
Pizarro began his mission in 1531.
In 1532, Pizarro invaded the Inca Empire with about 200
men. The Spanish captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa,
put him in prison, and demanded a large ransom of silver
and gold.
Inca brought 24 tons of gold and silver in exchange
for the life of Atahualpa. The gold and silver
were melted into bars, and most were sent back to
Spain for the king. However, Atahualpa was not
released.
Atahualpa was executed on August 29, 1533, by Pizarro
and his men. Atahualpa’s death ended the empire of the
Inca. Even though some warriors still fought, the empire
was gone because it had no recognized leader.
 The Inca population was weakened from being
exposed to European diseases. Because many Incans
were sick or had died, it was easier for the Spanish to
conquer them.
 The Spanish also had advanced weapons and horses.