Download Joints of Lower Limb

JOINTS OF LOWER LIMB
By
Dr.Pardeep Kumar
JOINTS OF LOWER LIMB
Joints of pelvic girdle
 Sacroiliac joint
 Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium
 Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments
Vertebropelvic ligaments
 Iliolumbal ligament: runs
from transverse process of L5
to the posterosuperior part of
iliac crest
★ Sacrotuberous ligament:
runs from lateral margins of
sacrum and coccyx to the
inner margin of ischial
tuberosity
★ Sacrospinous ligament:
runs from ischial spine to
lateral margins of sacrum and
coccyx
 These two ligaments convert
the sciatic notches the
greater and lesser sciatic
foramina

Pubic symphysis
Articulation: symphysial
surface and interpubic
disc (fibrocartilage)
 Ligaments: superior
pubic ligament and
arcuate pubic ligament

 Obturator
membrane
obturator canal
BONY PELVIS
Composition: formed by paired hip
bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their
articulations
 In anatomical position, anterior
superior iliac spines and pubic
tubercles on same vertical plane,
while the tip of coccyx and superior
border of pubic symphysis on same
horizontal plane
 Terminal line: formed by
promontory of sacrum, arcuate line,
pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle,
upper border of pubic symphysis
Lesser pelvis
 pelvic inlet (terminal
line):
 Pelvic outlet : formed
by tip of coccyx,
sacrotuberous
ligament, ischial
tuberosity, ramus of
ischium, inferior
ramus of pubic,
symphysis
 Pelvic cavity
 Pubic arch, subpubic
angle
MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMAL
PELVIS
MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND
FEMALE PELVIS
Female
Male
90~1000
70~750
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outet
Pelvic cavity
Pubic arch
MAIN DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE
PELVIS
Male
Female
Overall
Narrow and long
Wide and short
Iliac ala
More vertical
More horizontal
Inlet
Oval or heart shaped
Round
Subpubic
angle
Acute angle (about
70~750)
Right angle (about
90~1000)
Pelvic cavity
Deep narrow
Shallower, wide
Outlet
Small
Larger
JOINTS OF FREE LOWER LIMB
★ Hip joint


Bones: acetabulum and
femoral head
Articular capsule attachments


Above: margins of acetabulum
and transverse acetebular
ligament
Below: in front to
intertrochanteric line; behind,
to the neck of femur above 1
cm above the
intertrochanteric crest

Accessory structures


Acetabulum labrum;
transverse acetebular
ligament
Ligaments
Iliofemoral lig.
 Ligament of head of
femur
 Pubofemoral lig.
 Ischiofemoral ligament
 Zona orbicularis:annular
ligament is a ligament on
the neck of the femur
formed by the circular
fibers of the articular
capsule of the hip join


Movement: flexion,
extention, adduction,
abduction, medial and
lateral rotation,
circumduction
Acetabulum labrum
Ligament of head
of femur
Transverse
acetebular lig.
Pubofemoral
lig.
Iliofemoral
lig.
Ischiofemor
al lig.
Zona orbicularis
★Knee joint
 Bones: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella
 Articular capsule: superapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar
bursa, ala folds
 Accessory

structures
ligaments
Patellar lig.
 Fibular collateral lig.
 Tibial collateral lig.

Patellar lig.
Fibular
collateral
lig.
Tibial
collateral
lig.



Oblique popliteal ligament
Anterior cruciate ligment
Posterior cruciateligament
Medial meniscus (C-shaped)
 lateral meniscus (O-shaped)

 Movements:
flexion and extension; flexed knee joint
may be passively rotated through 700
lateral
Medial
Tibiofibular
syndesmosis
 Tibiofibular
joint
 interosseous membrane
 Anterior and posterior
tibiofibular ligaments
JOINT OF FOOT
Talocrural joint (ankle
joint)
 Bones: lower ends of tibia
and fibula, trochlea of
talus
 Articular capsule: thin
and lax in front and
behind, and supported on
each side by strong
collateral ligaments

Ligments


Medial lig.
Lateral lig.

Anterior talofibular lig.
Calcaneofibular lig.
 Posterior talofibular lig.


Movements: dosiflexion
(extension) and plantar
flexion (flexion); when the
ankle joint is fully plantar
flexed, small amounts of
abduction, and adduction
are possible
 Intertarsal
joints
Talocalcaneal joint
 Talocalcaneonavicular joint
 Calcaneocuboid joint
transverse tarsal joint

 Tarsometatarsal
 Intermetatarsal
joints
joints
 Metatarsophalangeal
joints
 Interphalangeal joints
Arches of foot
 Medial
longitudinal arch: formed by
calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first
to third metatarsal bones, head of talus is the
keystone of this arch
 Lateral
longitudinal arch:
formed by calcaneus, cuboid, fourth and fifth
metatarsals; cuboid is is the keystone of this arch
 Tranverse
arch:
formed by cuboid, three cuniforms and all
metatarsals; the intermediate cuneiform is the
keystone of this arch
 Function: give foot strength stability and
resilience; protect plantar vessels and nerves
Normal arch
Flatfoot
THANK YOU VERY MUCH