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1st Quarter Cumulative Review Name: ________ Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below which represents an enzyme controlled reaction and on your knowledge of biology. Date: _________ 4. Base your answer to the following question on According to the graph below, at what temperature will the denaturation of lipase begin? 1. Which number indicates the enzyme-substrate complex? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 A) below 0ºC 2. This reaction best represents B) between 0ºC and 38ºC A) dehydration synthesis C) at 40ºC B) aerobic respiration D) at 68ºC C) hydrolysis 5. Two organisms are represented below. D) fermentation 3. Base your answer to the following question on In the diagram below, which substance belongs in area Z? Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct? A) Organism A contains tissues while organism B lacks tissues. B) Organism A and organism B have the same organs. A) water B) oxygen C) nitrogen D) carbon Version 1 C) Organism A and organism B have structures that allow them to maintain homeostasis. D) Organism A lacks structures that maintain a dynamic equilibrium, while organism B has these structures. Page 1 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 6. What has to be properly functioning in a unicellular organism for homeostasis to be maintained? A) organelles B) insulin C) guard cells D) antibodies 9. Substance C is most likely 7. The diagram below represents changes in the sizes of openings present in leaves as a result of the actions of cells X and Y. A) lipase B) sucrase C) maltase D) amylase 10. A certain enzyme will hydrolyze egg white but not starch. Which statement best explains this observation? A) Enzymes are specific in their actions. B) Starch molecules are too large to be hydrolyzed. C) Starch is composed of amino acids. D) Egg white acts as a coenzyme for hydrolysis. 11. Respiration is best described as a process by which A) necessary nutrients are circulated The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to B) hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose C) metabolic wastes are absorbed A) maintain homeostasis by controlling water loss B) store excess heat during the day and remove the heat at night C) absorb light energy necessary for cellular respiration D) detect changes in the biotic factors present in the environmen D) chemical energy is converted into a usable form 12. Breathing rate is constantly being monitored and adjusted in the human body, which results in A) the differentiation of mature body cells B) feedback mechanisms removing damaged cells Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the two chemical reactions shown below. C) modification of gene activity in cells D) the internal environment being kept within certain limits 8. Letter B represents a 13. As a human red blood cell matures, it loses its nucleus. After losing its nucleus, what ability does a mature red blood cell lack? A) glycerol molecule A) take in material from the blood B) monosaccharide B) release hormones to the blood C) dipeptide molecule C) pass through artery walls D) polymer D) carry out cell division Version 1 Page 2 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 14. What usually results when an organism fails to maintain homeostasis? 18. A general equation for a chemical reaction is shown below. A) Growth rates within organs become equal. B) The organism becomes ill or may die. Which substance is represented by letter A? C) A constant sugar supply for the cells is produced. A) amylase B) lipase C) protease D) maltase D) The water balance in the tissues of the organism stabilizes. 15. The action of insulin on sugar levels in the blood helps to A) interfere with homeostasis B) maintain dynamic equilibrium C) coordinate enzyme production D) regulate digestion of protein 16. Many scientists consider viruses nonliving. Evidence supporting this consideration includes the fact that viruses A) always function independently of living organisms B) are multinucleated cells C) lack basic cellular organelles D) cannot be reproduced in a sterile culture medium 17. The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is A) an increase in matter, but no increase in the number of icicles B) an interaction between the icicle and the environment C) no way for the icicle to move away from heat D) no metabolic activity present Version 1 Page 3 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 19. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. For each of the following phrases, select the molecule, chosen from those shown below, which is best described by that phrase. A molecule that results from all dehydration synthesis reactions A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 20. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms? A) hormonal regulation B) nutrition C) anaerobic respiration D) transport 21. Which chemical compound makes up the greatest percentage of a protozoan? A) nucleic acid B) glucose C) fatty acid D) water Version 1 Page 4 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 22. Base your answer to the following question on the chemical reaction represented below. Letter E represents a molecule of A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) glycerol D) water 23. A chemical analysis of organisms from each kingdom shows that living things are primarily composed of the elements 25. Which model best represents the relationship between a cell, a nucleus, a gene, and a chromosome? A) carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and sulfur A) B) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen C) iron, calcium, hydrogen, and oxygen D) chlorine, carbon, calcium, and sulfur B) 24. What are the main atoms of a protein molecule? A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen B) Nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous C) C) Oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen D) Carbon, phosphorous, and hydrogen Version 1 D) Page 5 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 26. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestine during digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes? A) A B) B C) C D) D 27. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which general class of organic substances? A) lipids B) proteins C) carbohydrates D) salts 29. Which cell structures are correctly paired with their functions? A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomes transport them. 28. After eating a meal, blood sugar levels are elevated. The body secretes hormones to help absorb excess sugar into cells and return blood sugar levels to normal. This is an example of A) Excretion B) Regulation C) Synthesis D) Reproduction Version 1 Page 6 B) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleus stores genetic information. C) The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasm transports them. D) The vacuole stores genetic information, and chloroplasts make proteins. Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 30. The function of a cell depends primarily on its A) life span B) color C) structure D) movement 31. Which life activity is suggested by the cartoon below? 34. The process that removes metabolic waste products from an organism is known as A) egestion B) secretion C) excretion D) oxidation 35. Cell organelles may be separated according to their densities by the use of A) a compound light microscope B) an ultracentrifuge C) an electron microscope D) a microdissection instrument 36. All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma membranes D) All cells can divide to form new cells A) circulation B) reproduction C) absorption D) nutrition 37. Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were ingested by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with which life function? 32. Which two systems are most directly involved in providing molecules needed for the synthesis of fats in human cells? A) synthesis B) regulation C) nutrition D) growth A) digestive and circulatory B) excretory and digestive C) immune and muscular D) reproductive and circulatory 33. Which life function is primarily involved in the conversion of the energy stored in organic molecules to a form directly usable by a cell? A) absorption B) circulation C) digestion D) respiration Version 1 Page 7 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 38. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. 41. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information A student completed a series of experiments and found that a protein-digesting enzyme (intestinal protease) functions best when the pH is 8.0 and the temperature is 37°C. During an experiment, the student used some of the procedures listed below. Procedures (A) Adding more protease (B) Adding more protein (C) Decreasing the pH to 6.0 (D) Increasing the temperature to 45°C (E) Decreasing the amount of light B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes 42. Base your answer to the following question on Compound X increases the rate of the reaction shown below. Compound X is most likely Which two procedures would most likely cause a decrease in the rate of protein digestion? A) A and D B) B and C C) C and D D) A and E 39. Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as what substance? A) an enzyme B) a lipid molecule C) an indicator D) an ADP molecule 43. The endocrine system releases hormones that travel to their target organs through A) The circulatory system B) The respiratory system A) enzymes B) simple sugars C) The excretory system C) amino acids D) minerals D) The digestive system 40. In which type of molecule is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen usually 2 to 1? 44. Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism A) lipid B) protein A) nutrition B) respiration C) carbohydrate D) glycerol C) reproduction D) synthesis Version 1 Page 8 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 45. Base your answer to the following question on Some structural formulas of organic molecules are shown below. Which structural formulas represent carbohydrate molecules? A) 1 and 5 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 2 D) 4 and 3 46. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the A) shapes of the molecules involved B) number of molecules involved C) sequence of bases present in ATP D) amount of glucose present in the cell 47. A change in the rate of enzyme action in aquatic invertebrates would most directly result from a change in the A) number of consumers in the water B) number of producers in the water C) temperature of the water D) salt concentration of the water Version 1 Page 9 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 48. Arrows A, B, and C in the diagram below represent the processes necessary to make the energy stored in food available for muscle activity. The correct sequence of processes represented by A, B, and C is A) diffusion ® synthesis ® active transport B) digestion ® diffusion ® cellular respiration C) digestion ® excretion ® cellular respiration D) synthesis ® active transport ® excretion 49. Which two activities in the chart below best describe the process of transport? A) A and C B) B and C C) C and D D) A and D 50. The development of the cell theory was most directly related to the A) improvement of the microscope and microscopic techniques B) use of a five-kingdom classification system C) development of the gene-chromosome theory D) discovery of bacteria and viruses 51. Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds? A) proteins, water, DNA, fats B) proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water C) proteins, DNA, fats, starch D) proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch Version 1 Page 10 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 52. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents the synthesis of a portion of a complex molecule in an organism. Which row in the chart could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 53. Which of the following is not one of the main classes of macromolecules within cells? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Nucleic acids D) Water 57. Which statement illustrates an exception to the concept that the cell is the unit of structure and function of all living things? A) Viruses contain genetic information but lack other cellular components. 54. A pesticide that kills an insect by interfering with the production of proteins in the insect would most directly affect the activity of A) ribosomes B) minerals C) chloroplasts D) mitochondria 55. As a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. These substances are eliminated by the process of A) ingestion B) secretion C) pinocytosis D) excretion B) amino acids C) simple sugars D) proteins Version 1 C) Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes. D) Most bacteria are classified as heterotrophic organisms. 58. In the body of a human, the types of chemical activities occurring within cells are most dependent on the A) biological catalysts present B) size of the cell C) number of chromosomes in the cell 56. Starch molecules are hydrolyzed into smaller units known as A) glycerols B) The cell is a complex "chemical factory." D) kind of sugar found on each chromosome 59. In autotrophic plants, stored starch may be converted into small organic molecules by the process of A) transpiration B) aerobic respiration C) intracellular digestion D) extracellular digestion Page 11 Ms. Kavner 1st Quarter Cumulative Review 60. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. Which is a true statement about the relationship of pH and enzyme action A) All enzymes work best at a neutral pH. B) Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme C) Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5. D) The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH. Version 1 Page 12 Ms. Kavner Answer Key !st Quarter Cumulative Review 1. C 32. A 2. C 33. D 3. D 34. C 4. C 35. B 5. C 36. B 6. A 37. C 7. A 38. C 8. B 39. B 9. A 40. C 10. A 41. B 11. D 42. A 12. D 43. A 13. D 44. C 14. B 45. A 15. B 46. A 16. C 47. C 17. D 48. B 18. C 49. C 19. E 50. A 20. B 51. C 21. D 52. B 22. D 53. D 23. B 54. A 24. A 55. D 25. C 56. C 26. A 57. A 27. A 58. A 28. B 59. C 29. B 60. D 30. C 31. D Version 1 Page 13 Ms. Kavner