Download ROME (500 BCE – 476 CE)

ROME (500 BCE – 476 CE) – CST Standards 7.1
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Roman philosophy of Stoicism led to a strong sense of citizenship.
Latin became basis for several European languages (Spanish, Italian, French).
Roman arches, aqueducts, and roads influenced the creation of many modern structures.
Rome established a representative gov’t in which average citizens held great power.
By AD 117, the Roman Empire extended from Spain in the W to Syria in the E.
Establishment of Constantinople signaled the rise of Christianity and the end of Rome’s authority in the east.
Internal problems and barbarian invasions led to the fall of Rome in AD 476.
Islam (610 CE – Present) – CST Standards 7.2
The desert is the primary climate region of the Arabian Peninsula.
Nomads are people who move from place to place following food, water, and grazing land for their herds.
Early Arabs formed clans to protect their families and create a sense of belonging.
Mecca was an important trade & religious center in western Arabia.
Arabs are monotheistic and worship the Islamic god Allah.
Muhammad spread Allah’s teachings.
The Qur’an and Sunnah form the basis of Islamic law.
The Five Pillars of Islam help Muslims to demonstrate their religion.
The Muslim Empire expanded due to religious toleration and strong leadership.
Africa (1,000 CE – 1,500) – CST Standards 7.4
The Sahara is the largest desert in Africa.
Deserts, grasslands & forests make up West Africa’s vegetation zones.
Ghana’s empire grew by trading gold with the Bedouins for salt.
Mali expanded Ghana’s empire and adopted Islamic beliefs until it collapsed.
Kinship and clans formed the basis of the African family.
Africans felt a greater sense of loyalty to their family & village than their leader.
Many Africans specialized in specific types of labor which made them very wealthy.
Trade with North Africa brought great wealth to West Africa.
Ghana kings converted to Islam but kept some parts of their traditional religion.
The Trans-Saharan trade brought Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa.
Timbuktu became a major center for trade, religion, and learning.
Griots preserved African history through oral traditions and sharing stories about their past.
China (300 CE – 1433) – CST Standards 7.3
Confucianism helped shape Chinese beliefs about social morals and political principles.
Buddhism spread throughout East Asia because it helped people during difficult times.
The Sui (581) and Tang (618) dynasties reunited China and brought a new sense of national identity.
China was run by a bureaucracy filled with scholar-officials.
Improvements in agriculture and transportation made China one of the most powerful countries in the world.
Chinese inventions such as the compass, gunpowder, and paper shaped the history of other world regions.
The Mongols built an enormous empire stretching from China to Europe.
The Mongols adopted some features of the Chinese style of government.
World History Review Notes
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The Mongols increased foreign trade, especially along the Silk Roads to Western Markets.
After the Mongols were defeated, the Ming Dynasty restored China to a great empire.
The Ming Dynasty greatly expanded overland trade & maritime voyages.
After the 1430’s China focused on trade with Europe and Southeast Asia.
Japan (500 CE – 1603) – CST Standards 7.5
Japan’s island location and its proximity to China and Korea affected its development.
Japan’s emperors reigned but had little power.
Prince Shotoku introduced many aspect of Chinese culture to Japan.
China introduced religion, architecture, art, music, and theatre to Japan.
Japanese samurai lived by a strict code called Bushido.
Japan had a military government for centuries, led by Shoguns and Samurai.
In the mid-1500’s, three powerful military leaders began to unite Japan.
Medieval Europe (500 CE – 1300) – CST Standards 7.6
After the fall of Rome, European learning and trade greatly declined.
Kings and monasteries helped to spread Christianity.
Warfare and constant threat of invasion lead to the development of Feudalism in Europe.
Knights lived by a strict code called chivalry.
As warfare declined and trade increased, town life reappeared during the Middle Ages.
The Church was a powerful political, military, educational, and social institution in Medieval Europe.
Church leaders and monarchs came into conflict when they could not agree on who had authority.
Christian Europe launched the Crusades from 1096 to 1270 to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
The Christians failed to take control of the Holy Land, but were able to regain control of Spain (Reconquista).
During the 14th Century, the Bubonic Plague killed 40% of Europe’s population.
The Hundred Years’ War weakened Feudalism and destroyed the effectiveness of the knights.
Medieval England introduced new legal systems and laid the foundation for representative government.
England’s government greatly influenced the creation of the US system.
The Renaissance (1300’s -1564) – CST Standards 7.8
The rise of nations, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Bubonic Plague brought an end to Feudalism.
Humanism stressed the importance of individuals and encouraged human achievement.
The Renaissance first developed in Italy and gave rise to great achievements in the arts.
The Renaissance influenced mainly the upper class of society.
Inventions like the Printing Press encouraged the use of native languages (vernacular) to replace Latin.
Writers like William Shakespeare and artists like Albrecht Durer and Jan Van Eyck helped the Renaissance to
spread north into England and Germany.
The Reformation (1305 – 1545) – CST Standards 7.9
The Great Schism (1378) weakened the Church.
Martin Luther challenged Church corruption with the publishing of his Ninety-Five Theses.
Although new faiths emerged throughout Europe, the Church tried to contain their growth by using inquisitions.
World History Review Notes
Scientific Revolution (1492-1687) – CST Standards 7.10
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The Renaissance revived interest in scientific learning and encouraged the questioning of old beliefs.
Translations of Greek and Roman texts helped European scholars to rediscover various scientific discoveries.
Scientists developed new theories about the universe.
The invention of new scientific instruments helped to prove new theories and to change some old beliefs.
Bacon’s Scientific Method and Descartes’ Scientific Rationalism had a major impact on religion and politics.
Mesoamerica (1500 BCE – 900 CE) – CST Standards 7.7
The Olmec developed a thriving civilization in Central America that included cities.
The Olmec developed notable art and a complex religion.
Olmec culture shaped later Mesoamerican civilizations.
Mayan society had four classes – rulers, nobility, peasants, and slaves.
The Maya built great cities, crafted beautiful art, and made advances in math, science, and record keeping.
The Aztecs made contributions in art, architecture, and astronomy.
The Inca lived highly regulated lives under the supreme rule of an emperor.
The Inca built a vast network of roads, made medical advances, and created a record-keeping system.
World History Review Notes