Download An Age of Exploration

An Age of Exploration
1400s-1800s
European Conceptions of the
World
What does this picture tell us about how Europeans
viewed the world?
Why go to sea?
The expanding economics of
European states stimulated
increased trade with markets in
Asia. With the loss of
Constantinople in 1453, European
nations fronting the Atlantic sought
new maritime routes for trade.
Motivation/Factors for discovery
1. Demand for gold, spices, and
natural resources in Europe
2. Support for the diffusion of
Christianity
3. Political and economic
competition b/t European
empires
1.God
2. Glory
3. Gold
4. Innovations in navigational
arts (Islamic origins) and
technology from China and
Islamic nations (compass
and astrolabe)
5. Pioneering role of Prince
Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry the Navigator (13941460)
Sponsored expeditions down coast of Africa
and study of geography/navigation
Settled the Atlantic islands of Madeira and
Azores
Vasco de Gama (1497)
Successful in sailing around Cape of Good
Hope.
Lands in India; returns with spices
Portugal forcefully est. trading posts in Asia
and Africa
Portugal= Vasco da Gama
Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522)
Sent by Charles V to find sea route to Asia
Finds Pacific Ocean
Violence, storms, disease, starvation plague
trip
1st to circumnavigate the world
Magellan’s Voyage Around
the World
Magellan’s Death
Spain’s Explorers
Christopher Columbus,
Cortez, Francisco Pizarro,
Ferdinand Magellan
(remember he was
Portuguese)
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Christopher Columbus -Spain
Finish the Rhyme
In 1492…
Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
In 1493,
Columbus stole all he could see.
Columbus Before Journey
Genoese sailor
Westward route to Asia
Spain agrees to fund trip
Deeply religious
Discovery
Oct, 1492 discovers Bahamas
Met by natives; names “Indians”
Sails to Cuba
Goes back to Spain w/ slaves
Excerpt from Columbus Diary
They…brought us parrots and balls of cotton and
spears and many other things, which they exchanged
for the glass beads and hawks’ bells. They willingly
traded everything they owned…They were well-built,
with good bodies and handsome features…They do
not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed
them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut
themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their
spears are made of cane…They would make fine
servants…With fifty men we could subjugate them all
and make them do whatever we want.
First Voyage
Subsequent Voyages
Columbus sent on three more voyages
Spanish seek gold
Enslave and kill native population
Hernando Cortes (1519)
Sent to explore main land
Cuts ties with Spain
Seeks to “divide and conqueror”
Hernando Cortez of Spain conquers
Aztecs
Cortes Strategy
Makes alliance with the enemies of the
Aztecs
Aztec Depiction of Cortez
Why was it so easy for Cortez to
find allies?
Attack Tenochtitlan
Montezuma lets Cortes in; taken hostage
Cortes retreats
2nd attack 1520-21, takes over city
Incan Empire
Massive empire
Well protected
Extensive road network
Weakened by war and disease
Francisco Pizarro of Spain brings
demise to Inca Empire
Machu Picchu
Pizzaro Conquers Incans
Tricks Atahualpa; holds hostage
Collects gold ransom
Kills and conquers Incan Empire
Mayan Empire
What Mayan Empire?
By the time the Europeans arrived the
Mayans were living in their version of the
Dark Ages
Disease kills of most of the native
Americans in each situation
Small pox
Typhoid
Native Americans Retaliation
English Piracy
English/Spanish rivalry 1500s
Sir Francis Drake
“Privateer”
2nd to circumnavigate the world
Francis Drake-England – 2nd to sail around the
world (served Elizabeth I)
French Explorations
Jacques Cartier finds St. Lawrence River for
France
Jacques Cartier-France to North
America (Canada)
Cartier’s Travels
Henry Hudson
English Explorer who tried to find a way to
Asia going north
Helped found NY
and Canada
The role of Christianity in the New
World
Migration of colonists to new
lands
Carried language and cultures
to new lands
Conversion of indigenous
peoples
Results of the Age of
Discovery
Commercial Revolution
New $ and banking system is created
This is due to the huge amounts of
resources pouring back into Europe from
the Americas
Inflation (prices rise because value of
money goes down)
Mercantilism
· Belief that wealth=power
· Economic practice adopted by European
colonial powers
· An effort for European powers to
become self-sufficient
· Theory that colonies (settlements)
existed for the benefit of the mother
country
Mercantilism
The economic practice of Mercantilism
was tough to B.E.A.T.
Columbian Exchange
Americas
Europe
R=Rigid
· Rigid class system and dictatorial ruled in
Latin America
1. Spanish
2. Mestizos (half Indian, half Spanish)
3. Native Americans, slaves
A=African
· Africans were forced to migrate to the
Americas as slaves
C=Colonies
Colonies imitated the culture and social pattern
of their parent country
· Spain: Caribbean, Latin America
· Portugal: Brazil
· France: Quebec
· England: eastern North America
· E=Emigration
· Emigration by Europeans to North & South
America expanded their overseas territorial
claims
· D=Diseases
· Diseases led to the demise of Aztec, Maya,
and Inca Empires
Effects of European Exploration on the
Americas
· Europeans R.A.C.E.D. to conquer the
Americas
Exit Quiz
1. One of the motivations for exploration
was a demand for _______, __________,
and natural resources.
2. The compass describes which
motivation of Discovery?
3. Describe which “Pioneer of
Exploration” was a motivating factor for
many explorers.
4. Which Spanish explorer set out to find
a new route to India by sailing west from
Spain instead of east?
5. Which Spanish explorer’s fleet was the
first to circumnavigate the globe?
6. This map describes the lost of
what city ending European
passage over the Silk Road?
7. What explorer explored for England?
8. What French explorer explored much of
Northeast Canada?
9. The demise of the Aztec Empire in
___________ (country) was began by
________.
10. The demise of the Inca Empire in ____
____ (continent) was began by ______.
11. The influx of this caused massive
inflation in Spain.
12. This picture characterizes what that led to
the demise of the Aztecs, Mayans, and
Incas?
13. The Diffusion of culture
between the Western and Eastern
Hemisphere was called the
_________ ___________.
Age of Exploration Pre- Quiz
1. Motivations for the explorations of new
lands were all of the following except
A) Pioneering role of Hernando Cortez
B) Demand for gold, spices, and natural
resources in Europe
C) . Support for the diffusion of Christianity
D) Political and economic competition b/t
European empires
2. All of the following were great Spanish
explorers EXCEPT A) Columbus, B) Pizzaro, C)
Drake, D) Cortez
3. Conquerors and explorers landed on new lands
and converted many indigenous peoples to
A) Buddhist
B) Catholicism and Christianity ,
C) Spanish,,
D) Islam
4. . The demise of the Aztec Empire in
___________ was began by __________. A)
South America, Columbus, B) Mexico,
Pizzaro, C) Mexico, Cortez
5. The demise of the Inca Empire in _______was
began by ______.
A) South America, Pizarro,
B) Spain, Cortez,
C) Mexico, Columbus
C) South America, Cortez
6. In Asia, a great part of colonization took place
because of groups of ____---.
A) Mercenaries
B)Monarchs,
C) Merchants
D) Indigenous Peoples
7. Europeans established trading posts and
colonies in______ and ________.
A) North America, Australia
B) Africa, Europe
C) Africa, Asia
D) China, and France
8. European nations needed to find new trade routes to
Asia because the lost of what city in 1453.
A) Mecca
B) Jerusalem
C) Constantinople
D) Rome
9) The Diffusion of culture between the Western and
Eastern Hemisphere was called the
A) Trans- Atlantic Route
B) Triangle-Trade Route
C) Silk Road
D) Columbian Exchange
10.Which of the following was an
imports from the Americas that
changed European lifestyle.
A)Slaves, B)Tobacco, C) Corn,
D)Cotton
11 . All of the following were
European import that change the
lives of American Indians except
A)Cattle, B) Horses, C)Diseases, D)
Slaves
12. What Spanish explorer was had
the first fleet to sail around the
world?A)Drake, B)Magellan,
C)Vasco De Gama
13. Which Portugese explorer
was the “Pioneer” of Exploration
age?
A)Prince Henry, B)Columbus,
C)Drake, D)Cartier
A)
B)
C)
D)
14.What European import devastated populations of
many indigenous groups in the Americas.
Cows
Horses
Guns
D) Diseases
15. The demise of each of the following American
cultural empires were aided by the Spaniards Except
A) Sioux,
B) Aztec,
C) Inca,
D)Mayan
16. What was the biggest impact the
Columbian Exchange had on the Native
American People?
A) Native Americans deaths from diseases
brought over by Europeans
B) Native American begin to live like
Europeans
C) Native Americans population growth
from new agricultural ideas
D) Native Americans migration to Europe
17. The triangle trade was between Europe, the
Americas, and __________ (continent)
18. What English privateer explored for England?
A) Drake, B) Cortez, C) Cartier, D) Columbus
19. What French explorer explored much
Northeast North America?
A) Drake, B) Cortez, C) Cartier, D) Columbus
20. Which explorer went around Africa to reach
India?
A) De Gama, B) Pizzaro, C) Drake, D) Columbus
Age of Discovery Map Quiz
1. Who made the following voyage from
Spain to India
2. What empire is shown here?
3. Who conquered this
Empire?
4. What empire does the green represent?
5. Who conquered this
empire?
6. What empire does the following map
represent?
7. Whose voyage does the green line on the
Map represent?
8. Whose exploration was the top purple
line going into Canada?
9. What trade pattern does this map
illustrate?
10. Name three resources that were
traveling from the Americas to Europe