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11/10/2012 Expressing and Inquiring volition (wants, desires, intentions, hopes) Speaking-1. Sem1/2011 Siti Mahripah,M.App.Ling Examples: I’d like the food as my starter. I’d like my boyfriend to pick me up. I want my boyfriend to pick me up. I wish I were you. 1 11/10/2012 Examples: What are you going to do after this class? What sort of girl (boy) do you want to date with? Note 1. Noun Phrase is a word group with a noun or pronoun as its head. The noun head can be accompanied by modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her), and/or complements. A noun phrase (often abbreviated as NP) most commonly functions as a subject, object, or complement. Example: A Georgia woman was jailed briefly after a run-in with courthouse security over her refusal to remove a religious head scarf. Infinitive phrases Infinitive phrases start with an infinitive which is followed by any objects, and/or modifiers. Examples: 1. To tour Australia slowly is my dream. infinitive: to tour object: Australia (the direct object of the infinitive) modifier: slowly (an adverb modifying the infinitive) infinitive phrase: to tour Australia slowly 2. I must study to pass my winter exams with good marks. infinitive: to pass object: my winter exams (the D.O. of the infinitive) modifier: with good marks (a prepositional phrase modifying the infinitive) infinitive phrase: to pass my winter exams with good marks 2. Verbal Phrases (VP): Infinitive, Gerund, Participial. A verbal phrase consists of a verbal and any objects or modifiers. Remember: A verbal is a verb form that does not serve as a verb in the sentence. Instead, it functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Remember: A modifier is usually an adjective or an adverb that limits, clarifies, of qualifies another element of the sentence. There are three types of verbal phrases: infinitive, participial and gerund. Gerund phrases Gerund phrases consist of a gerund and any objects and/or modifiers . A gerund phrase can look similar to a participial phrase because the gerund has the same form as the present participle. The main difference is that the gerund (phrase) functions as a noun (ie. subject, object, subject complement, appositive), and the participial phrase as an adjective Example: I enjoy riding my bike in the evening. gerund: riding direct object: my bike modifiers: in the evening 2 11/10/2012 Participial phrases Participial phrases consist of either a past or a present participle and any objects, and/or modifiers . Participial phrases always function as adjectives within a sentence. Examples: That dog keenly hunting the ducks must be a thoroughbred. participial: hunting object: the ducks (the D.O. of the participial) modifier: keenly (an adverb modifying the participial) participial phrase: keenly hunting the ducks Hidden by the trees, Jerry waited to scare Mark. participial: hidden modifier: by the trees (a prepositional phrase modifying "hidden") participial phrase: hidden by the trees (an adjective modifying "Jerry") 3