Download Technological innovations to help European New World Discovery

Technological innovations to help European New World Discovery
 Compass
 Astrolabe
 Portolani
 Improved ship building
 Better sails for boats
Items Europeans brought to/from the New World
 slaves
 Sugar
 Raw materials
What items did Americans get from the Europeans?
 Slaves
 Technology
 Plants
 Animals
 Tobacco
 diseases
Which countries began to form overseas empires by 1600?
 The Dutch (Netherlands)
 The English (England/Great Britain)
Printing Press
 Made by Johannes Gutenburg, made printing books and papers faster by using type sets.
What is a humanist?
 A humanist is a follower of the intellectual movement based on the study of humanism; a
system of thought based on the interest and thoughts of humanities (poetry, ethics, history)
The city that led the Renaissance in artistic excellence is
 Florence
Vernacular
 The language of everyday speech in a particular region
The Renaissance
 The word Renaissance means rebirth; the Renaissance was an artistic and philosophical
movement that started after the Middle Ages.
Michaelangelo
 Accomplished painter, sculptor, master of the High Renaissance, has great figures on ceilings of
chapels, considered a typical “Renaissance man”.
Who “laid the egg that Martin Luther hatched”?
 Desiderus Erasmus the father of Christian Humanism
 Wrote “In the Praise of Folly”
Henry VIII
 Worked to create a strong royal government; king of England, and separated from the Catholic
Church to create the Church of England
Predestination
 A belief that God has determined in advance who is saved (going to heaven) and who is
damned (going to hell).
The Geocentric Theory
 Literally a system of planetary motion, with a motionless Earth as the center of the universe.
Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits, or the Society of Jesus
 A Spanish nobleman, small group of followers recognized as a religious order by Pope Paul III in
1540 they were a group of monks who focused on education.
Europe’s Protestant Reformation in the 16th Century was sparked by…
 The need to reform the Roman Catholic Church; they were upset by the Church’s selling of
indulgences (forgiveness)
The First, Second, & Third Estates in France
 First Estate– Clergy
 Second Estate– Nobility
 Third Estate- Commoners
In France, during the Age of Absolutism, the tax burden fell most heavily upon which estate?
 The Commoners– Third Estate
The Social Contract
 John Locke entire society needs to be governed by its general will (the people need to agree
to be governed as well as have a say)
He wrote The Spirit of the Laws, and gave us the idea of checks & balances?
 The Baron de Montesquieu
African slaves were brought to the Americas to supply labor for the?
 Spanish & English plantations in the Caribbean and in the Southern colonies.
Christopher Columbus
 Italian explorer that reached America in 1492 in search of a quicker route to India, sailed for
Spain.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
 The French people moved into a near by tennis court and swore that they would continue
meeting until they had a constitution During the French Revolution
Battle of Waterloo
 (Waterloo, Belgium) Napoleon met a combined British & Prussian army under the Duke of
Wellington and suffered a brutal defeat.
Under the French Constitution of 1791, who would make the laws?
 The Legislative Assembly would make the laws under the Constitution of 1791
What are the romance languages(the ones that developed from Latin)?
 Italian
 French
 Spanish
What was the name of the journey of slaves from Africa to America?
 Middle Passage
What did the Spanish Armada fail to do?
 The Spanish armada failed to stop the British from gaining more power & territory.
Adam Smith believed in laissez-faire
 It is the belief that the government should stay out of economic affairs. “To let the people do
what they want”.
Nicholas Copernicus
 Polish Astronomer, who developed the heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the universe.
Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation
 All objects are held in place by an invisible force known as gravity, this force also keeps the
planets in orbit.
John Locke’s ideas suggest that people were…
 “tabula rasa”– a blank slate, open to influence from their environment & experiences.
The most profitable crops grown by the slaves in the Americas
 Cotton
 Indigo
 tobacco
 Sugar
The Italian port city gained great wealth as a result of trade
 Venice
Versailles– What was it? What was it’s purpose?
 The home of the king of France from 1682-1790; it’s purpose was to entertain, direct
government affairs, and to be a home for the royal family away from Paris.
Painting done on wet plaster
 fresco
Hernan Cortez
 Spanish conquistador (explorer/conqueror) who battled the Aztec for control of Mexico.
Conquistador
 Spanish/Portuguese explorer & conqueror of the New World.
Industrial Revolution
 A movement away from doing work in the home to working in factories, items was mass
produced on assembly lines by workers.
Steam Engine
 Operated by coal, it was an engine that allowed to be located away from water, making the cost
of goods cheaper.
 Very critical for railroads during the Industrial Revolution
Cotton
 The chief export from the Americas, was the major part of the British textile (cloth) industry.
Karl Marx
 Socialist during the Industrial Revolution, wrote the Communist Manifesto, father of
Communism.
What did Martin Luther believe?
 He believed that selling indulgences was wrong
 He believed that baptism and communion were the most important sacraments
 That faith and good works were necessary to go to heaven and receive salvation
 Wrote Ninety-Five Thesis stating all the problems with the Catholic Church
Charles Darwin
 a social scientists who came up with the theory of evolution
 He also created the theory of natural selection stating that things adapt to their surroundings as
a means to survive.
The Scientific Revolution
 A scientific changes that revolutionized the world
 People started to experiment to prove traditional theories
 Gave way to advances in medicine and astronomy
The Reformation
 A reaction to the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
 Lead to the creation of several new Protestant religions: Methodism, Calvinism, Anglican
(Church of England), Lutheranism
Imperialism
 When one country seeks to expand its empire by taking over possession of other
countries/nations/states.
Raphael
 Great Renaissance sculptor, painter
 Painted the School of Athens which demonstrated all of the marks of true Renaissance art
 Classicism
 Humanism
 Individuality
 Learning & reason
 Youth
Humanism
 A philosophical movement of the Renaissance which focused on the writings of Ancient Greece
& Rome
King Louis XVI
 King of France during the French Revolution
 People distrusted the king, felt he was out of touch and over spent while over taxing the people
to make up the difference
King Louis XIV
 King of France
 Known as the Sun King
 Built the Palace of Versailles
 Known for living a very rich life, indulging in many excessive and unnecessary things
 Cost of his building, parties, wars put a very large tax burden on the French people
 Put France into a huge debt
Huguenots
 French protestants influenced by John Calvin
Rene Descartes
 French philosopher who coined the theory “I think, therefore I am”
 His theories helped people to understand that because they are capable of thinking for
themselves, that they are free human beings.
Charles I
 English King during the English Revolution
 He was convicted of crimes against the English/British people and sentenced to death
 He was beheaded at the hands of Oliver Cromwell
 His execution was the first time a king had been executed by his people, and shocked the world
monarchies
Triangular Trade
 A trade pattern that connected the Atlantic Ocean
 Europe brought guns/manufactured goods to Africa in exchange for slaves
 Slaves went from Africa to the New World
 Raw materials went to Europe from the New World
Essay Question 3 paragraphs each
The Renaissance and Reformation had a great impact on the culture of not only Europe, but also the
world. Describe the artistic and political contributions of the Renaissance and Reformation.
 Discuss the way art was different
 Discuss how governments became more powerful
 Discuss how new religions formed
The Industrial Revolution greatly advanced manufacturing and society. Describe the way that the
Industrial Revolution changed society. Explain how the new advancements in manufacturing also
changed the economy and politics.
 Move from making goods at home to factories
 Middle class developed
 Labor unions began
 Cities began to develop