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Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Babylon and Assyria Hammurabi * King of the empire of Babylonia and controlled all of Mesopotamia * Built dams across the Euphrates River, which allowed him to control the river’s flow to cause floods or droughts to citystates downstream * City-states below Babylon had to cooperate with Hammurabi or face disaster. *Silver, timber, copper, wine, and other trade goods passed through Babylon, Hammurabi’s capital city-state, making it a very wealthy and powerful capital. Hammurabi the Lawgiver * He ordered the building and repair of canals. * He acted as a judge. * He wrote a code of laws called the Code of Hammurabi, which consisted of 282 laws written 4,000 years ago. * A code of laws is a written collection of the laws that apply to the people ruled by one government. The Code of Hammurabi ~ Hammurabi expected all of his citizens to obey his laws. ~ He wrote laws for divorce, for workers’ pay, for doctors’ fees, and even clumsy barbers. ~ This code tells us that not everyone was equal. ~This code followed Eye for an Eye – whoever caused an injury should be punished by being given that same injury, but only within each social class. the Babylonian Empire • Hamurabi’s empire. It united Mesopotamia. • The capital of this empire was Babylon. It was in the center of the empire and Mesopotamia. • Hamurabi’s code of laws were a system of rules that seemed fair at the time. These helped him keep control of his empire. • After Hamurabi died, the empire began to weaken • Ashur (Assyria) and Nineveh were the first two citystates to break away from the empire. Assyria ^ Assyria began to conquer the Fertile Crescent. ^ Their empire stretched from Egypt to the Persian Gulf and north to Turkey. ^ Assyrian armies were famous and feared because they were the 1st to use horse-drawn chariots. See How Empires Have Changed Over Time Sumerian Empire Babylonian Empire Assyrian Empire Assyrian City Life • Prisoners of war were kept as slaves • Slaves worked on farmlands or built things for Assyrians. Eventually they became citizens. • Assyrian men were hunters, soldiers, and government leaders. • Assyrian women had no legal rights. They stayed at home and cared for families. Why was Assyria able to conquer all of its neighbors so easily? Assyria had special equipment for making war, and its armies used horse-drawn chariots for speed. Aqueduct • Water was moved from the mountains to the city using an aqueduct, a raised, arched structure built to carry water over long distances. Sennacherib The Destroyer • In 689 B.C., Sennacherib was the Assyrian king who ordered the city of Babylon to be destroyed. • His soldiers looted Babylon’s temples and burned its homes and palaces. • Sennacherib’s army flooded Babylon with river water. Why and how was the Assyrian Empire Defeated? After being attacked by the Assyrians, Babylon fought back and destroyed Nineveh. Review Why did Hamurabi send copies of his law code all over his empire? How did the Assyrians bring water to their cities? How did Hammurabi get other city-states to cooperate with his plans?