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Review prelab lectures notes and lab handouts Lab 5 Genetics and Cell Division Discuss the phases of the cell cycle: G0, S, G2, and M. During which phase is DNA replicated? During which phase precedes actual cell splitting? Compare asexual and sexual cell reproduction. What is the purpose of asexual cell division? What are the cells that result from sexual cell reproduction called? What is a gamete? How is a gamete different than a diploid cell? Where in the animal body does meiosis and sexual cell division occur? Define the following: genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant gene, recessive gene, sexlinked trait Answers to Lab 5 GENETICS PROBLEMS 1. Which of the following genotypes represents a gamete? Why? a. Aa Gametes are haploid cells with ½ the normal gene complement of two. b. AB Letter a contains two copies of the a gene and letter c contains two copies of c. AaBb both a and b genes. 2. Show all the different kinds of gametes that could be produced by the following individuals after meiosis. In other words, these are diploid genotypes. What would be the genotype of the gametes? a. aa: a only b. Bb: B or b c. AA: A only d. TTRR: TR only e. CcDd: CD, cD, Cd, Cd f. AABb: AB, Ab g. Aabb: Ab, ab 3. In dogs, wire hair is due to a dominant gene (W) and smooth hair is due to its recessive allele (w). a. If a homozygous wire-haired dog is mated with a smooth haired dog, what type of offspring could be produced? W W All wire-haired puppies w w b. What type of offspring could be produced in the F2 generation? W W w w 75% chance of wire-haired pup 25% chance of a smooth-haired pup c. Two wire-haired dogs are mated. Among the offspring of their first litter is a smooth-haired pup. If these two wire-haired dogs mate again, what are the chances that they will produce another smooth-haired pup? W w W w Since the parents had a smooth-haired pup they must be heterozygous What are the chances the pup will be wire-haired? 75% d. A wire-haired male is mated with a smooth-haired female. The mother of the wire-haired male was smooth haired. What are the phenotypes and genotypes of the pups they could produce? W w w W Genotypes homozygous recessive = heterozygous = Phenotypes smooth hair wire hair 4. In snapdragons, red flower color is incompletely dominant over white flower color. The heterozygous plants have pink flowers. a. If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what are the genotypes and phenotypes of the plants of the F1 generation? R R All offspring will have the heterozygous genotype and will be phenotypically pink. w w b. What are genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation? R w w R G RR Rw Ww P red pink white c. What kinds of offspring would be produced when a red-flowered plant is crossed with a pink flowered plant? red (RR) and pink (Rw) d. What kinds of offspring would be produced when a pink flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant? Pink (Rw) and white (ww) 5. In humans, colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked trait. a. Two normal people have a colorblind son. What are the genotypes of the parents and what genotypes and phenotypes are possible among their children? XC XC Y Xc 0% chance a daughter will be colorblind 50% chance a son will be colorblind 25% chance overall b. A couple has a colorblind daughter. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the parents and the daughter? Mother XCXc or XcXc Father Daughter XcY XcXc The father must be colorblind since fathers have only one possible X chromosome to donate to their daughters Lab 6 - Animal Diversity List the taxonomic categories from Kingdom to Species. Which category is most exclusive? Discuss the major animal phyla with regards to symmetry, segmentation, cephalization, and organ systems present. List the vertebrate classes and discuss the major adaptations seen in each class. Which features are important as animals become fully terrestrial? Lab 8 – Environmental Studies Area Review the definitions of terms 1-10 on pg. 1 of your lab hand-out Give the following information for the five representative plant communities we visited at the ESA: Soil: rich, poor, sandy, etc. Sun exposure: sunny, shady, etc, Amt. of rainfall Predominant plant species Leave adaptations