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Download B11 Potential and Kinetic Energy Notes
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Potential and Kinetic Energy What is Energy? • Energy – the ability to do work –does NOT have mass or take up space –Measured in the unit joules • 2 categories of energy –Potential Energy –Kinetic Energy Forms of Energy • Energy can take different forms Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical stored energy in bonds Thermal energy of moving particles (heat) Elastic stored energy due to tension Mechanical energy found in objects in motion Nuclear stored energy in the nucleus of an atom Electrical movement of electrons Gravitational stored energy due to position above ground Sound longitudinal waves that are heard EM Waves all the waves in the EM spectrum move Law of Conservation of Energy • Law of Conservation of Energy – no new energy is created nor destroyed, it’s just transferred from one form to another Potential Energy • Potential Energy – stored energy of position –Has the “potential” to do something Kinetic Energy • Kinetic Energy – energy of motion Energy Transformation • When you lift the marble off the ground it gets potential energy because of its height Energy Transformation • As the marble moves down the track, it loses potential energy, and is converted into kinetic energy Energy Transformation • The marble slows down as it goes uphill because kinetic energy is being changed back into potential energy Energy Transformation Animated Roller Coaster Energy Conversion Energy Conversion Energy Conversion Energy Conversion What kind of energy transformations are occurring here? Potential or Kinetic? Moving car Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? Tree branch Potential Potential or Kinetic? Bent car fender Potential Potential or Kinetic? Balloon filled with water Potential Potential or Kinetic? Log of wood Potential Potential or Kinetic? Balloon squirting around Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? Person inside a moving car Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? Both Potential or Kinetic? Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? An airplane circling in preparation for landing Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? A pile of coal that will be used for fuel Potential Potential or Kinetic? An unlit firecracker Potential Potential or Kinetic? Glucose stored in plants as a result of photosynthesis Potential Potential or Kinetic? Burning log of wood Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? A dam holding back a river’s water Potential Potential or Kinetic? A marble rolling down the aisle Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? A new car battery Potential Potential or Kinetic? An ant crawling across a sandwich Kinetic Potential or Kinetic? A tennis racket about to crash down on a ball Potential Potential or Kinetic? Energy at rest Potential Potential or Kinetic? A mousetrap set and ready to spring Potential PE= Joules (J) Example An 80kg man is jogging at a rate of 4m/s. He has kinetic energy. Calculate it: • KE = ½ x mass x velocity2 • KE = ½ x 80kg x (4m/s)2 • KE = ½ x 80 x 16 • KE = 40 x 16 • KE = 640 J • Example • A 420kg boulder sits on top of a 100m cliff. What is the potential energy? • PE=mgh • PE = (420kg)(9.8 m/s2)(100M) • PE=411,600 J