Download Verb forms and their uses

Certificate IV TESOL
Teaching English to
Speakers of Other
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Unit 2/3 Session 5
September 24th 2016
Analyze & Teach English Language
Teach English Grammar
In this session, we will be looking at:
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Verb forms and their use
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Conditional clauses: “if” clauses
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Verb forms and
their uses
Verb tenses
Past, present and
future – in their
simple, continuous,
perfect or perfect
continuous form.
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Verb forms and their uses
Grammar point presentation
Speakout Elementary – Present Perfect
Unit 12.1 Page 119
Language bank Page 150
Speakout Intermediate – Present Perfect vs PP continuous
Unit 7.1 Page 82
Language bank Page 140
Speakout Upper – Intermediate - Past Perfect/Past Perfect
Continuous
Unit 4.1 Page 47
Language bank Page 134
(Use Speakout Student book Active Teach DVD)
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Verb forms and their uses
VERBS (ASPECT & TENSE)
EXAMPLE
SIMPLE
CONTINOUS
PERFECT
P. CONTINUOUS
PRESENT
Simple present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect cont.
PAST
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect cont.
FUTURE
Simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect (will) (have/has)
Future perfect cont. (will)
(have/has been)
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Verb forms and their uses
The future
There are multiple future tenses in English.
e.g.
- I will have … next week.
- I’m having … next week.
- I’m going to have … next week.
- There’s a party … next week.
- We’ll be having … next week.
- There’s going to be… next week.
These examples show that the form is different, however, the
meaning (function) is the same.
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Verb forms and their uses
Voice – perspective (focus)
Active voice – In most English sentences with an action verb, the
subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
In this example the subject is doing the verb's action. e.g. “Andy
Murray beat Roger Federer.”
Passive voice - One can change the normal word order of many
active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is
no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or
passive.
Note in this example how the subject-verb relationship has
changed. e.g. “Roger Federer, was beaten by Andy Murray.”
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Verb forms and their uses
Participles
Present participle: ‘-ing’
• Used as participle phrases and as adjectives
• Can be used as a noun – called gerund.
• Gerunds behave exactly the same as nouns.
• Can be subjects or objects of sentences.
• E.g Shopping is her favourite hobby.
Part participle: ‘- ed’
• Used as participle phrases and as adjectives
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Verb forms and their uses
Auxiliaries
To be, to do, to have
Stative verbs
• Relational verbs – perception and cognition
• E.g. forgive, like, know, mean, mind, prefer, realize
• E.g. belong to, consist of, cost, deserve, remain, possess
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Verb forms and their uses
What determines a verb form?
Rules
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First verb must mark TENSE distinction
Modal (and AUX do) must mark TENSE
TENSE is only marked once
MODAL must be followed by infinitive
PERFECT must be followed by PAST PARTICIPLE
PROGRESSIVE must be followed by GERUND PARTICIPLE
PASSIVE must be followed by PAST PASTICIPLE
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Verb forms and their uses
MOOD
Mood relates to the verbal action to such conditions as – certainty,
obligation, necessity, possibility
Mood relates to modality – express attitudes e.g. command, fact,
desire, something hypothetical.
Examples
Conditional – (type 0, 1, 2, 3)
Imperative – (no tense) - may have subject absent, such as a
command verb (unconjugated verb) e.g. ‘Listen!’ ‘Stand up!’
Conditional
Type 0 – If present + present = logical results
Type 1 – If present + will = great certainty
Type 2 – If past + modal = hypothetical
Type 3 – If past perfect (had + past participle) + modal + present
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perfect = regrets
TASK
Complete TASK 2/3.6 a – c
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Conditional clauses
Zero Conditional – for things that are always true
If + Present simple, + pronoun + Present simple
If you freeze water at below zero, it turns to ice.
First Conditional – for probable/possible situations
If + Present simple + will + infinitive
If the temperature is below zero when it rains, it will snow.
Second Conditional – for unrealistic/low probability situations
If + Past simple + would + infinitive
If it snows tomorrow in Melbourne, it would be a surprise.
Third Conditional – for impossible/fanciful things that will not happen
If + past perfect + would + have + past participle
If it had been any colder, we would have frozen our bits off.
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TASK
Complete TASK 2/3.7 & 2/3.8
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(EXTRA RESOURCES FOR COMPETENT GRAMMAR USERS)
Verb forms and their uses
Grammar: tense, time and aspect
Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 3b
Worksheet 2 Exercise 4 – 5c
Grammar: Narrative verb forms
Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 2b
Worksheet 2 Exercise 3 – 5
Refer to:
Appendix B – formation
Appendix C – verb forms are used
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(EXTRA RESOURCES FOR COMPETENT GRAMMAR USERS)
Conditional clauses
Grammar: Conditional forms
Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 3d
Worksheet 2 Exercise 4 – 6b
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