Download Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt
2-3 The Middle and New
Kingdoms
Middle Kingdom
• 2050 BC – 1670 BC
• The capital city
moved from
Memphis to Thebes
• Egypt starts to take
over more land,
including Nubia to the
south
• Force conquered
people to send
tribute, or forced
payments, to the
pharaoh.
Middle Kingdom Achievements
• Art, literature and architecture flourish during the Middle Kingdom
• Added waterways and canals
Valley of the Kings
• Pharaoh stop building massive tombs and choose to be
buried in hidden tombs cut into cliffs.
Hyksos Attack
• In1670 BC, the Hyksos, invaders from the middle east,
attacked and conquered Egypt.
• Will rule for the next 120 years
Ahmose
• Drove the Hyksos out of Egypt
• His reign started the New Kingdom
New Kingdom
• It is during the New Kingdom that the Egyptians begin to call the
rulers pharaohs, as a sign of respect
• Egypt continues to grow and become a major world power
Hatshepsut
• One of the few women to rule
Egypt
• Became ruler after her ½
brother, Thutmose II, died
(Thutmose’s son was too young
too rule).
• She was suppose to be a
temporary ruler, but she ruled
for 20 years!
• More interested in trade than
military action
• Brought great wealth to Egypt
• She had a temple built in her honor with large obelisks in
front
Hatshepsut's Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahri
Inside Hatshepsut’s
Temple
Hatshepsut’s Obelisks. The one on the right is partially walled off.
Obelisks in the USA
Hatshepsut’s mummy
• She was concerned with improving the HOME LIFE of Egypt,
not enlarging the empire
– She focused on peace
Achievements
- Trade Expedition
(giving Egypt goods
such as ivory, gold,
ostrich feathers etc)
-Restored Temples
-Workers mined the
desert for ore
Iron ore
Ivory comb
Thutmose III
• Nephew of Hatshepsut and ruled after her death
• Was a very successful military leader
– His victories brought Egypt great wealth
• Many nations sent gifts to Egypt as a sign of friendship (and out of fear)
• Enslaved many people
• Ordered carvings and statues of Hatshepsut to be destroyed (never proven)
Destroyed reliefs of Hatshepsut
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)
• Married to Nefertiti
• Introduced a new religion with one God, Aton
– Never a good idea to mess with peoples religion. This will cause many to hate
him.
• People refused to accept this new religion
• Neglected his duties as pharaoh.
Nefertiti
Tutankhamen (King Tut)
• Son of Akhenaton
• 10 years old when he inherited
the throne
• Ruled for only 9 years
• Most famous of all the pharaoh
due to the mystery of his death
and the discovery of his tomb
– Discovery by Howard Carter in 1922
– Only intact pharaohs tomb ever
found
– Inside Tut's Tomb
Ramses II
• Reigned for 66 years. Did more than any other pharaoh to be
remembered forever.
• Built several major temples. Not only used for religious ceremonies,
but also as BANKS
• Believed by Christians to be the pharaoh Moses confronts in Exodus.
• Building projects were huge, had his name engraved on all of them.
• Ordered four huge statues of himself placed in front of the temple
built in his honor.
• After Ramses II, Egypt’s power faded and it was conquered by many
outside groups.
Colossus of Ramses
II at Karnak
Egyptian Achievements
• Art:
– 1) Built great temples (showing their success in architecture &
engineering
– 2) Created beautiful painting on temple walls (to honor and serve the
kings & gods)
 Science:
 1) invented a more accurate lunar (moon) calendar – better than
Babylonian
 2) Medicine – doctors wrote a scientific handbook for surgeons

Indigestion:
Crush a hog's tooth and put it inside of four sugar cakes.
Eat for four days.