Download Grade 7 Science

Grade 7
Science Summer Work
Name: ___________________
International School of Arts and Sciences ISAS
2012 – 2013
A.
Fill crossword puzzle on the next page using the clues
provided. (To do this activity, you can get help from the book,
Unit I Chapter 1: The Atmosphere pgs 1-24).
ACROSS
2. atmospheric layer above the
troposphere
6. the coldest layer of the
atmosphere
7. Air pollutants such as ozone
and
smog
are
______
pollutants.
10. the effect that causes objects
to move in a curved direction
due to Earth’s rotation
11. a device used to remove
some pollutants before they are
released by smokestacks
14. wind belts that extend from
the poles to 60° latitude
17. a gas in the stratosphere
that helps to protect Earth
from ultraviolet radiation
19. the movement of air caused
by differences in air pressure
20. the effect in which gases in
the atmosphere absorb thermal
energy and radiate it back to
Earth
21. Heat transfer from one
material to another by direct
contact is thermal_____.
DOWN
1. narrow belts of high speed
winds
3. Winds that blow from 30°
latitude to the equator are
_____ winds.
4. the uppermost atmospheric
layer
5. mixture
of
gases
that
surrounds Earth
8. the measure of the force with
which
air
molecules
are
pushing on Earth’s surface
9. a rise in average global
temperatures
12. transfer of thermal energy by
the circulation or movement of
a liquid or gas
13. global winds found between
30° and 60° latitude
15. damaging
type
of
precipitation caused by oxides
of sulfur and nitrogen
16. the layer of the atmosphere
where we live
18. the transfer of energy by
waves
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B. Earth’s Amazing Atmosphere
(To do this activity, you can get help from the book Chapter 1 section 1 Characteristics
of the Atmosphere Pgs 4-9)
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four layers. Choose the layer in
Column B that best matches the description in Column A, and write your
answer in the space provided. Then, use the directions below to label the
diagram of the Earth’s atmosphere on the next page.
Column A
_____ 1. the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere you
live in
_____ 2. the coldest layer of the Earth’s
atmosphere; lies directly below the
uppermost layer
Column B
a troposhere
b. stratosphere
_____ 3. the uppermost layer of the atmosphere
c. mesosphere
_____ 4. the layer that contains most of the
atmosphere’s ozone; above the layer that
you live in
d. exosphere
1.
Label the four layers of the atmosphere on the diagram on the
next page.
2.
There is no clear boundary between the uppermost layer of the
atmosphere and space. The atmosphere becomes thinner and
thinner and blends into space. At the very top of the diagram, write
the word space with an arrow pointing up.
3.
The ozone layer is the upper part of the atmospheric layer that
contains most of the atmosphere’s ozone. Use the symbol for ozone
to draw in the ozone layer on the diagram.
4.
The ozone layer is important because it absorbs ultraviolet
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radiation. Draw a wavy line coming from space to represent the UV
radiation that is absorbed by the ozone layer.
5.
Ions are electrically charged particles. When nitrogen and
oxygen atoms absorb solar energy in the lower thermosphere, they
become ions. This part of the thermosphere is called the
ionosphere. Draw the ions in the ionosphere. Remember that the
thermosphere is very thin. There are almost no ions near the top of
the thermosphere.
6.
The troposphere is the densest layer of the atmosphere. It is
much denser than the other layers. Shade this layer heavily to
indicate how dense it is.
7.
The stratosphere is very thin. Shade this lightly.
8.
The mesosphere is even less dense than the stratosphere.
Shade this layer very lightly.
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C. the Atmosphere
Some Like It Hot
1. Andrea likes school, but she loves the summer even more.
Over the summer, she observed many processes that
reminded her of energy concepts she learned about in school.
Fill in the energy concepts she has observed in the space
provided. Choose from radiation, conduction, convection,
greenhouse effect, and global warming.
a. Doesn’t it seem like lately every summer is the hottest on
record?
_________________________________________________________
b. Ouch! The sand is burning my feet! Why didn’t I bring my
sandals?
___________________________________________________________
c. Ugh! Roll down the window! Next time we should park in the
shade. I’m melting back here.
__________________________________________________________
d. This is my favorite part of making soup. See how the spices
come up in the middle of the pot then go shooting out to the
side and back down? Over and over. That’s so cool.
__________________________________________________________
e. I love to be outside. The sun makes me feel warm all over.
__________________________________________________________
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2. Answer the clues below by filling in the open boxes provided. Then
arrange the letters from the highlighted boxes to answer the final riddle.
a. The sun supplies this.
b. It’s the Earth’s sunblock.
c. How low (or high) can you go?
d. A must for kites.
e. It spews from cars and trucks.
We wouldn’t be here without it: ----- ---- ----- ----- ---- ---3. We Need a Pollution Solution: Rearrange the letters found in the
belching smokestack below to form words related to air pollution. Note
that one letter—the same letter—is missing from each of the words.
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D.
Understanding Weather
1. Decide which two-letter air mass symbol best represents each
of the ―microclimates‖ below. The symbols are mP, cP, mT, &
cT. Write the appropriate symbol in the space provided. The
air mass over . . .
a. a steaming cup of tomato soup ___________________
b. a glass of iced tea ___________________
c. a hot bubble bath ___________________
d. a lamp ___________________
e. an ice cube tray ___________________
2. Poetic Fronts
Use the Poetic Precipitation Reporter’s poems to classify the
following fronts. Assume the air is moving from the left to the right.
a. Warm air on the right
Cold air on the left.
There should have been a rainstorm
But a cold front caused a theft
___________________
b. Warm air on the left
Cold air on the right
Brought a little rain
And it was warm all night
___________________
c. To the right was warm air
To the left was cold
When I went outside
An umbrella I did hold
___________________
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BIOMES
1. For the following biomes, give 2 examples of animals and 1
example of plants that are found in those biomes.
Biome
Animal 1
Animal 2
Plant
Temperate
grassland
Chaparrals
Tropical Savanna
Tundra
2. Complete the following concept map using the terms given below:
Glacial period- Warm- Interglacial period- Ice spreads- sea level
increases-Cold- sea level increases- Ice melts.
Ice age
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E. weather and Climate
1. List two differences between climate and weather?
Climate
Weather
2. Why are the climates on the two sides of the mountain very different?
3. What factors distinguish one biome from another biome?
4. List all of the Earth’s land biomes?
5. Which one of the above biomes is the hottest and which one is the
coldest.
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6. Which one of the above biomes is the most fertile?
7. Identify each biome in the following pictures.
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3. Connect the dots below to both spell and draw tools of weather
science. The first letter is starred.
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13
14
15
16
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F. Configuring a Constellation
In this puzzle, you will create and identify a common constellation.
Begin with the first statement and decide if it is true or false. If it is
true, circle the directions under the true column, and vice-versa.
When you have completed the statements, follow the directions you
have circled and connect the dots in the diagram below. On the line
provided, write the name of the constellation you have drawn.
G. Astronomy
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1. Draw picture of the solar system according to Ptolemy’s
theory.
2. Define the following terms: refracting telescope, reflecting
telescope, altitude, horizon, day, month and year.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. What are the two kinds of telescope? Which kind do
professional astronomers use? List three advantages of this
telescope.
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________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. What is a light year?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. What are constellations? How many constellations did the sky
divided to? Name two?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. Explain the following terms:
Blueshift: ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Redshift:_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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H. Stella Star, Ace Reporter
Complete this worksheet after you finish reading the section
Stella Star, a reporter for the Back in Times, interviewed scientists
for an article she is writing on the history of astronomy. She
interviewed
Ptolemy,
Kepler,
Copernicus,
Newton,
Galileo,
Brahe, and Hubble. When Stella looked over her notes, she
discovered that she forgot to indicate which scientist said what.
Help Stella organize her notes by identifying the scientist most
likely to have said each statement. Write your answer in the space
provided.
1. _____________________ ―I’ve finally worked out an
explanation as to why planets orbit the sun and
moons orbit planets. It is gravity that keeps an object
in orbit!‖
2. _____________________ ―The Earth is the center of the
universe, and all of the planets and stars orbit our
planet. My theory predicts the motion of the planets
better than any other theory of my day.‖
3. _____________________ ―It appears the Milky Way has
neighbors. I know many of you think our galaxy is the
only one, but it looks like that’s just not so. This
means the universe is a lot bigger than we thought.‖
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4. _____________________ ―I prefer the theory of the suncentered universe over other theories. The telescope
has helped me to discover that the planets are not just
dots of light, but physical bodies like the Earth.‖
5. _____________________ ―After several years of very
precise observations, I conclude that our universe is
Earth-centered. The sun and the moon revolve around
the Earth, while the other planets revolve around the
sun.‖
6. _____________________ ―For centuries people have been
thinking that the Earth is at the universe’s center, but
I’m certain that the sun is at its center. I am certain
that the planets orbit the sun.‖
7. _____________________ ―I do not agree with my mentor’s
theory that the sun revolves around the Earth. I have
used his precise data to propose another theory in
which all of the planets revolve around the sun in
elliptical orbits.‖
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I. The table below lists different astronomers or their contributions
to astronomy. Complete the missing boxes.
Astronomer
Contribution
Copernicus
Discovered that there are other galaxies than
the Milky Way
Kepler
Earth-centered universe
Earth-centered universe, but the planets
revolve around the sun.
Newton
Used the telescope to describe the craters on
the moon
J. The images below show the 2 types of optical telescopes. For
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each one, specify the type and if it uses a lens or a mirror to gather
the light.
Type: ____________________________
Mirror or lens: ___________________
Type: ____________________________
Mirror or lens: ___________________
K. Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the
letter in the space provided.
(K: 16 pts,
2pts each)
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_______roughly, the time required for the
moon to orbit once around the Earth
_______an instrument that uses a set of
a. refracting
telescope
b. horizon
lenses to focus light
_______the angle between an object in the
c. constellation
sky and the horizon
_______the time required for the Earth to
d. day
rotate once on its axis
_______the line where the sky and the
e. year
Earth appear to meet
_______a region of the sky that contains a
f. altitude
recognizable star pattern
_______the time required for the Earth to
g. month
orbit once around the Sun
________An instrument that uses a mirror
to gather and focus light
h. reflecting
telescope
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L. Skills practice lab
The Sun’s Yearly Trip Through the Zodiac
Constellations in the sky. The 12 constellations make up a ―belt‖ in
the sky called the zodiac. Each month, the sun appears to be in a
different constellation. The ancient Babylonians developed a 12month calendar based on the idea that the sun moved through this
circle of constellations as it revolved around the Earth. They
believed that the constellations of stars were fixed in position and
that the sun and planets moved past the stars. Later, Copernicus
developed a model of the solar system in which the Earth and the
planets revolve around the sun. But how can Copernicus’s model of
the solar system be correct when the sun appears to move through
the zodiac?
MATERIALS
• ball, inflated
• box, cardboard, large
• cards, index (12
Using Scientific Methods
ASK A QUESTION
1. If the sun is at the center of the solar system, why does it appear
to move with respect to the stars in the sky?
FORM A HYPOTHESIS
2. Write a possible answer to the question above. Explain your
reasoning.
_______________________________________________________________
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TEST THE HYPOTHESIS
3. Set the chairs in a large circle so that the backs of the chairs all
face the center of the circle. Make sure that the chairs are
equally spaced, like the numbers on the face of a clock.
4. Write the name of each constellation in the zodiac on the index
cards. You should have one card for each constellation.
5. Stand inside the circle with the masking tape and the index
cards. Moving counterclockwise, attach the cards to the backs of
the chairs in the following order: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer,
Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and
Pisces.
6. Use masking tape to label the ball ―Sun.‖
7. Place the large, closed box in the center of the circle. Set the roll
of masking tape flat on top of the box.
8. Place the ball on top of the roll of masking tape so that the ball
stays in place.
9. Stand inside the circle of chairs. You will represent the Earth. As
you move around the ball, you will model the Earth’s orbit
around the sun. Notice that even though only the ―Earth‖ is
moving, as seen from the Earth, the sun appears to move
through the entire zodiac!
10. Stand in front of the chair labeled ―Aries.‖ Look at the ball
representing the sun. Then, look past the ball to the chair at the
opposite side of the circle. Where in the zodiac does the sun
appear to be?
_______________________________________________________________
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11. Move to the next chair on your right (counterclockwise). Where
does the sun appear to be? Is it in the same constellation?
Explain your answer.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
12. Repeat step 10 until you have observed the position of the sun
from each chair in the circle.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
ANALYZE THE RESULTS
1. Did the sun appear to move through the 12 constellations, even
though the Earth was orbiting around the sun? How can you
explain this apparent movement?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
DRAW CONCLUSIONS
2. How does Copernicus’s model of the solar system explain the
apparent movement of the sun through the constellations of the
zodiac?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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