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From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE W. BJJOHN I N AN earlier the tion mary of results cytes, report’ electron obtained STUDIES M.D., REBUCK, and neutrophilic cytes tained Several man excellent, electron micrograph problems has on than the and smooth Hall, the localization study muscle,5 and and Jakus7’3 have and Scott and Scott calcium cells to our and and studied much tissue have relatively large, thick has imposed somewhat viruses. Anderson6 contributed inflammatory metamyelocytes, lymphostages of normoblasts ob- of other particularly WOODS of experimental of these microscope of bacteria of minerals, CELLS the technics utilized in the applicaof the blood cells and the prelimconsisted of the study of lympho- studies even though the study cells with the electron L. neutrophilic and the later of man. as been reported, delicate tissue BLOOD HELEN leukocytes well as the neutrophiles, and their precursors, red corpuscles from the hematopoietic organs of AND we have described briefly microscope to the study by these technics. They macrophages exudates OF already and Packer24 reported magnesium, connective in striated tissue. understanding Schmitt, of protoplasmic fibrils in their studies of collagen fibers, protozoan trichocysts, muscle fibers, flagella, cilia and fibrin. Richards, Anderson and Hance’4 depicted electron graphs of striated muscle. Clark, Barnes and Baylor’5 and later Buchholz’6 reported on chromosome chondria and A small number Claude of guinea Claude and Fullam’9 fibroblasts and nerve blood inary structure. sections devised endings. of papers pig liver a method have cells or their derivatives. report mentioned above, and Fullam’7’ with the of electron dealt with To the best they have studied 18 electron mitoPorter, of tissue microscope sperm, microhave isolated microscope. microscopy electron more greater cultures studies of of the of our knowledge, save for our prelimconcerned themselves with studies of the blood platelets or the mature red blood corpuscles. Wolpers and Ruska2#{176}reported on the structure of the blood platelets and their relation to fibrin. The platelet granulomere was found to consist of from 6o to 12.0 granues; rarely as few as work-like 2.0 electron vacuole granules structure were seen. The hyalomeric (their figure 9). In the micrographs and process hyalomere, but tachment regularly for the spaced, gated the blood corpuscles depict: formation finally, persistence fibrin dark structure the platelets swelling, by the hyalomere, loss of the granules micelles. In a later cross bands in fibrin of the and red corpuscular hemolysed protoplasm of course paper fibrils. aggregation of all save a fine process as a place of deposition Wolpers2’ separately Electron are depicted micrographs by him. frametheir of granules, a remnant of Ruska and Wolpcrs22 membranes. erythrocytes exhibited clotting the The or atdetected investiof red membranes of the latter were studied after lipid extraction and were composed of an intricate meshwork of long and slender protein fibrils. Barnes, Burton and Scott23 portrayed in their Fig. a polystyrene-silica replica of red blood corpuscles. Jones 24 recently From the Department of Laboratories, “Henry Ford ‘75 Hospital,” Detroit, Michigan. From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 176 ELECTRON was able cells of a quality to make MiCROSCOPE methacrylate similar STUDIES surface to those replicas We have employed applying tO of bleeding lacerations points First, cover microscope, a lymphocytic the hemorrhage investigation over small drop content of blood proper small away of the depth. the bed lymphocytic were lesions of the was next exudate. over and obtained by produced in a circumscribed corium Care was must tiny functions of egg white of the cellular macrophages of man the To produce these small lesions, the by means of a sterile scalpel or sterile scraped layer into of lymphocytes, exudate slips was slowly the papillary indicate or obvious Kolouch’s25 micrographs METHODS of the forearm of human volunteers. was first cleansed with alcohol, then minute CELLS obtaining inflammatory glass blade, the epithelium 3 mm. in diameter, until the AND technics. the formvar-covered corium forearm razor several leukocytes BLOOD of polystyrene. MATERIALS neutrophilic OF in placed area 2. A few exposed. be taken lesion. to avoid In keeping rabbits with on the lesion, with the light to increase A formvar-covered glass cover slip was next placed over the lesion, film side down. The cover slip was then covered with a square of cardboard and the entire preparation was covered with surgical adhesive tape, approximately 2. by 4 inches in size. Additional pressure over the lesion can be obtained by placing a flat-bottomed cork over the adhesive held in place by a long narrow In an hour or two the cells surmounting the adhesive band. of the inflammatory surface of the formvar film of the cover-slip, single-cell#{231}d layer. When at definite timed cellular the to the exudate, lesion which migrated that are earlier, Scott and the muscle specimen a suitable electron immediately modification by plunging The final over the to cover-slip, Wyckoff’s26 cover-slip by a second undersurface of the Packer into mounting cell-containing microscope. had area The between a small portion screen at this stage will thus actually is a direct mounted by satisfactory imbedding down the lesion in and microscope. the Inasmuch as over it. between then, method of sampling a formvar-covered instead been of surmounting and under out in a thin, to sample the in vacuo It should according be noted for electron the Place selected areas first microscopy Next a strip tape, of the specimen screen for observation may be roughly tape Scotch screen the ioo fresh mesh exudative the lesion with is affixed tape is is then interposed removal of the film. The intact the specimen these specimens in the adjusted of Scotch entire slide. The as the specimen and the Scotch an equal area observed technic, has to the dehydration. as follows: of such of the film carry along mounting Another obtained which suitability is then from the lesion and the glass cover-slip. The cells cover-slip, while still on muscle before cork migrate dehydrated technic. striated isopentane is performed by examination under the optical over the specimen screen as well removed and the film adheres to This prepared chilled the themselves is desired it is removed film-covered film-covered quick-frozen and the Altmann-Gersh2725 of area; exudate spreading intervals, film-covered recovered is immediately cover-slip specimen cells are screen and the are not replicas. cells specimen screen, the of man film formvar-covered film. was side From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN glass cover-slip. included, For The W. screen REBUCK is covered this time serving merely hours the diapedesis and a few as well as the cellular debris, purposes. But if the film-covered fine sterile out and forceps were microscopy. A third spleen technic and portions organs of a small a formvar-covered glass so obtained ferred were to cells paratus also screens were not and Downey his blood lished cells with the an illustrated experience technic has application by hours, the will gradually study of the blood at slides. autopsy were is very or to the been gained to electronic in optical studies is not nodes, fresh of surgical The preparations were then trans- films described work above when were been the elaborate ap- air-dried. persistent cytologic advocates examination and Winer32 for optical studies by means difficult. in which more merely have optical microscope. Sweitzer description of this technic specimen of electron lymph Both The detailed of thin preparations pressure. in vacuo. technic means utilized. The freshly brought in contact with gently smearing of the imprint glass country293’ as an adjunct cells of obtaining preparations this in exudate micrographic These formvar-covered outlined in current texts in clinical imprint associates imprint replaced stripping the available, of the electron are as Rarely is also the screen. the lesion, for formvar-covered intact. cover-slip about into lesion consisted modified retained glass screens slide, without any frozen and dehydrated by the again was upon the and specimens obtained portion of the organ specimens surface the of man sterile 177 in the manner for marrow of such pathology cut employed bone the be obtained. can usual L. WOODS protective surface of red corpuscles obscure of several the in as before, screens preparations prepared HELEN as a bland extravasations will at intervals satisfactory screens AND of the of the have recently examination. imprint pubOnce technic, its RESULTS Fig. is is an electron i shown merely micrograph for purposes Such a corpuscle shows of hemolysed corpuscles of a fibrous network micrograph fine as electron no stromal has shown chromatin the red undergoes blastic fig. development; dispersed cytoplasm cell in was this cells (fig. chromatin of both these its magnification. Fig. 4 is an electron micrograph from exudate the inflammatory 9 by 35 microns. The horseshoe and the cytoplasmic It was shaped obtained surface scale (X It 5400). is also shown. the to plainly X 5400. 3) is scant of a small 16.5 The indicating and 2. (X 5400) arm, hours is an electron and after to inflammation A portion X cell in stage Note the less nuclear macrophage magnified nuclear-cytoplasmic seen. central polychromatophilic magnified 2. Fig. from a bone marrow imprint. The obscured by denser, coarse chromatin nucleus, the are corpuscle pyknosis. to of the nucleus, blood A micron curvature. natural corresponds , this surface normoblast are partially particles, cell red orientation. details, but Wolpers’22 work on the membranes that the surface of the membrane is composed the following micrograph, finely size of an orthochromatic distinct, clumps of a mature of not the larger areas of The at this maturity. remarkable next of normo- or histiocyte, obtained This cell measures 5400. had interface, of the same been the cell produced. cytoplasm magnified From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 178 ELECTRON to Xi8,ooo in cellular skeleton. framework. area shows Only the of fig. MICROSCOPE an The greater the lower interlacing of fig. central but is trasting structure. the spaces measure measure than 32.0 the The nuclear cytoplasmic interstices, 15 X 30 corresponding structures The nuclear in the to form delicacy micrograph afford to a of the contains ample type of nuclear a small study of its con- 4 TO are, millimicrons millimicrons. goes the of the although protoplasm, only x oo I CELLS which sufficient FIGS. within BLOOD depicts portion it OF network portion bay, cytoplasmic STUDIES on the some and some strands cytoplasmic average, of the of the or fibrils smaller smaller larger appear protoplasm. than those cytoplasmic nuclear spaces to be thicker From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN Fig. 6 (Xii,ooo) portion tion of of the is nuclear nuclear W. an REBUCK electron indentation membrane can AND micrograph and of a portion of this lower portion nuclear nuclear structural same cell. protoplasm. L. of and cytoplasmic be observed as an FIGs. cytoplasmic HELEN bands. The upper The 5 AND ‘79 WOODS this cell depicting the major bay areas. The U-shaped anchoring membrane for por- both 6 Fig. portion nuclear 7 (X94,ooo), of this membrane is again figure runs a micrograph is cytoplasm, obliquely the across From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. I 8o ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF BLOOD CELLS L /.. :,.. Fio. 7 the lower made out third easily of the in either figure. the The individual fibrillar cross-pieces, nuclear or cytoplasmic protoplasm, which actually can measure be From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN only 140 tO W. REBUCK or so Angstrom 2.00 AND units HELEN in breadth L. WOODS and about i8i iooo Angstrom units in length. Fig. 8 is a micrograph of a second macrophage the from i6. hour stage of in- flammation in man. To the best of our knowledge this is the first electron micrograph depicting phagocytosis. Cellular debris has been ingested by a small mononuclear. This phagocyte only measures 7 x io microns. A delicate rim of cytoplasm depicted is of bridging particle. The vacuolar lining wall is formed by loops the vacuolar lumen and lining for the vacuole. for short distances into vacuole. Fig. (x 9 is 5400) of inflammation view of of the without the sticky cytoplasm character of finding. Fig. i I i i ,ooo) radiate throughout crystal artefacts, is technic. Although that such artefacts tion 4 to such 3, fig. Icr’s34 in cytoplasm concept form probable blood that cells This block. of of protoplasmic platelets. hour peripheral finding nuclear membrane at the seem site of the to project be due to slight if not, some shrinkage the well related way portion can of the cytoquite known to this cell body of previous cell at the eleventh of feather-like, clear areas warrants some discussion of ice the light microscope, nuclear detail and of guinea The nuclear excluded however, pig operation liver cells of such at some factors his ice crystal distance in the and cytoplasmic spaces at this time. Examination that he found produce fine artefacts produc- of our figs. of Simpare many larger than the protoplasmic spaces of our macrophages. Kistmust also be considered, namely that the water of biological tissues of small isolated droplets and may undercool without freezing. It is the water content Certainly approach surface area phase conditions reveals, eleventh which will appear below, we do not feel artefacts. Simpson33 analyzed the various produced in protoplasm by the Altmann in sections tissue themselves. our preparations ratio of large gaseous I, plate of times the the of cytoplasm. of the surface hundreds could the same lesion as the linear arrangements of the extremely small interstitial i a cannot, of course, be definitely son’s blood from Several This of his work was performed with were small enough to disrupt of the the from of a micrograph the and the electrons; cells may be in impact the from Fig. io (X i8,ooo) is a high power of the same cell. The structural cytoplasm membrane. although, for reasons represent ice crystal ice crystal artefacts that such spaces factors influencing reticulation nucleus, a distinct taken macrophage In all of these macrophages structures of the protoplasm with the initial of the surface a fourth macrophage hour of inflammation. third a of the forearm. and cytoplasm shaped in this cell. the fibrillar forming (x of lesion nucleus horseshoe also be observed plasmic surface, freely, a micrograph in another of the a portion features is the fibrillae which usually arch out towards the cytoplasm after forming a scallop-like free ends of these fibrillae appear to project cytoplasmic return into Occasionally the over of any the Their the optimum to small tissue consequence technic framework of the it is true employed. similar electron enveloped macrophages that is higher according as to size of the piece volume. It is unlikely the cells than to Simpson’s of our that of the standards, of tissue frozen and that an insulating preparations under the Wolpers and Ruska2#{176}demonstrated a type to that under discussion, in the hyalomere of micrographs are of platelets not submitted to From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 182. freezing membrane ELECTRON of any type. likewise MICROSCOPE Wolpers’22 shows electron a type onstrating that of ice the crystal fibrillar artefact. structure OF micrograph fibrillar of delicate FIGS. product STUDIES 8 TO of BLOOD CELLS of an unfrozen structural red corpuscular framework, dem- JO protoplasm need not necessarily be a From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN \V. REBUCK AND FIGS. Chambers and light on structural source of ice crystal Hale,35 on the elements artefacts. other within They II HELEN AND hand, L. 183 WOODS 12. employed the cell instead demonstrated internal freezing of looking upon that the advance to throw as a possible of ice columns it From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 184 MICROSCOPE ELECTRON STUDIES OF BLOOD CELLS .:.t I 1’#{149}’ iv. ...t , ,... Al 2?’ .‘., FIGS. 13 TO 15 .J From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN W. REBUC AND FIGS. within the present in advance steady and protoplasm uniform of of the advance frog muscle crystal. of I6 HELEN AND cells ‘Hence the longitudinal L. WOODS 17 occurred it is by reasonable ice columns congealing to of the suppose during water ‘that the internal the From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. i86 freezing ELECTRON of a muscle fibre To constituents.” them, 6 16 MICROSCOPE is along the STUDIES uninterrupted random OF BLOOD fluid spreading of fine CELLS interstices feathery between more crystals within solid ‘ #{149}! 0: FIGS. protoplasm Because of amoebae of temperature indicated differences a lack between i8 TO 2.0 of a complicated the interior framework of the cell and structure. its environ- the From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN W. REBUCK AND HELEN L. 187 WOODS 21 4,, Fios. 2.1 TO 2.3 1. From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. I 88 ELECTRON ment, they MICROSCOPE the assumed existence STUDIES of ‘ ‘still OF finer BLOOD CELLS capillary spaces within the The finding of free fibrillae at the cytoplasmic surface of our macrophages to the criticism of their view that to attain internal freezing, the plasma breaks down. Fig. of is a micrograph (X54oo) 12. two others. optical Neutrophil microscope, structures. when At of one granules, X47,ooo seen and 14) the from plasm are bone marrow. characteristic philic myelocyte of its cytoplasm. Fig. 19 (X 8oo) features. and from represents one leukocyte. can be best x 830 780 of the stage. impossible to state whether cytoplasm is more abundant is exceedingly mental The thin, forms were and three to i indented is 17 a up and (X micrograph to as much dehydrated and merely air-dried. metamyelocyte nucleus granules the at the cytoplasm represent or granular of 5400) Specific nucleoli are marrow in nearly cytoa neutro- or possibly well-defined, azurophil or finer evidence. the and it is The granulation. The than stages. are Eosinophil granFig. 2.0 (X8oo) promyelocyte less and spheres nucleus. in size. are the preceding pattern is much than chromatin are overlie the millimicrons precursors bone which was of a neutrophilic 5800) as they x 1150 in or four the i) by 85 millimicrons are from the same frozen eosinophil 1050 they from (fig. a portion with the oval, or rod-shaped neutrophil granules round, 70 deeply out granules the obtained The granulocyte leukoblast are and heretofore nucleus and the less abundant granular content is a portion of another neutrophilic myclocyte. of the nucleus (to the left center) and cell body made up 13) a preparation Fig. leukocyte indistinctly (fig. from (x Its with its round Fig. i8 (X54oo) depicts a portion of an eosinophilic quite clear ules range only X7L,ooo They measure Figs. 13 and preparation. Fig. 14 was taken from Fig. i6 is an electron micrograph juvenile neutrophilic seen X i8,ooo at (fig. are clearly demarcated. as 465 by 6o millimicrons. cytes cell.” is open membrane nuclear membrane the older develop- All the developing granulo- preparations. Fig. ii (X 5400) is a micrograph of a group of three normal, small and mediumsized lymphocytes from a lymph node. This preparation was not frozen or dehydrated, it was merely air-dried. All other preparations with the exception of Fig. 14 were quick-frozen and dehydrated. The coarse chromatin pattern and scant cytoplasm are well mature lymphocyte. shown. Fig. 2.2. (X The fine chromatin contrast in fig. to the cells The LI. 5400) pattern immature the spleen of a patient with lymphatic kemic lymphocyte in amitosis, from is a micrograph and distinct lymphocyte of an extremely imnucleoli are in sharp of fig. leukemia. Fig. a lymph node. 2.3 (x 2.2. 5400) was taken from depicts a leu- DISCUSSION Newer concepts to find concerning their application interpreted the cently Wysslings’37 structural protoplasmic structure with structures their associated are water, to the the finer structure study of the white amoeboid schemata comprise intermolecular salts, mobile movement for of protoplasm. molecular of protoplasm blood leukocytes The configuration forces. protein, Between and lipid, are just beginning cells. Dc Bruyn36 has rein the light of Freymodern concepts37’39 of of such as well polypeptide chains molecular protein as submicroscopic From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN particulates which W. serve REBUCK in the AND mediation at certain protoplasm points by chemical bonds. as being due to increased and more dimensional points by chemical bonds, reticulum,” or in keeping of the polypeptide but not all, bonds of many, whereas cytoplasmic the structural Wolpers’22 corpuscle depicts platelet of hyalomere Ruska’s2#{176} micrographs orientation the framework of such of the proteins and cites locking the meshes of this threefindings, as due to actual of more as evidence the that of macrophages pseudopodial complex and is likewise activity. fibrillar nucleus. mesh-work These structural findings concepts units of cules when Our of protoplasm We more would motile fact that rabbit the apparently situation reticulum. red blood may be composed expect leukocytes macrophages marked (figs. with are structural in keeping definite at least and be oriented requires with chains of and less definite and definite Menkin4#{176}has commented on the to deformation than polymorphoiiuclear micrographs protoplasm can the loosening mesh-work, side this at water-oil interfaces which severely damage polymorphonuclear The macrophage stage of the various hematogenous and sources struc- fibrils. The fibrillar structures as an examination of Wolpers reveals. of the orientation in the depolarized derivatives. that macrophages are much more resistant leukocytes The as well as lipids. in their being joined would involve of the structural suggesting protein bound structures structural ‘ ‘ then, loosening mean narrow so closely not processes. the formation of a three-dimensional 7) of the structure of the nonmotile and are chemical and nucleoproteins result in part thus narrowing with Astbury’s’9 would knit long 189 WOODS Dc Bruyn’6 envisions contraction of leukocytic binding of such molecular structures at more approaching (his fig. tightly a of a mesh-work fibrous proteins chains. Solation, with a resultant gelation proteins micrograph L. of special tural units themselves include at least The intermolecular forces of structural folding HELEN at such are suggestive to a i) of stresses leukocyces. histogenous cellular by a tendency 4 to times resist fact to sluggish macrophages reveal a orientation of both cytoplasm with modern functional and that form some of the a framework of structural linear mole- reorientation. SUMMARY Several to the technics study leukocytes of formvar-covered grated to the hydrated acute cells. for First; the application lesions an according glass cover in extra step to a modified slips was of the lymphocytes, inflammatory in vacuo, case employed blood screens in the corium of the undersurfaces of the specimen formvar-covered which were of the were man were forearm. screens to neutrophilic by prepared technic. the for transfer microscope and imb#{233}dding Exudative cells were quick-frozen Altmann-Gersh substituted needed electron macrophages, the screens which and In in some the preparations midecases lesions, to in specimen screens. In a further technic, imprinted upon were also a and frozen direct method Neutrophil blood cells slides glass dehydrated in which granules, in the seen vacuo. of lymph cells only nodes, covered The were as with films retained irregular, spleen formvar. were then and bone marrow of man These preparations were transferred to screens by intact. indistinct granules with the optical From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 190 ELECTRON microscope, are by 8 millimicrons of cell precursors were distinct chromatin-parachromatin the higher magnifications cytostructural wall found BLOOD CELLS structural protoplasm interstices to possess in the appeared fibrillar and cytoplasmic nuclear protoplasmic plasmic nuclear OF units measuring fine distinction and possible by electron made organization Individual phages. STUDIES actually round, oval, or rod-shaped structures up to as much as 465 by 6o millimicrons. blood Immature with At MICROSCOPE chromatin out of the phagocytic of the structure of cells the nuclear which can be measured in Angstrom units. so formed are smaller than the corresponding vacuole blood or macro- both in areas. The nuclear membrane is actually an anchoring and cytoplasmic fibrillar cross-pieces. Phagocytosis features nucleoli. a new level phagocytes be made is described. are discussed Finally, the light of newer in the structure is depicted observed 70 patterns well-demarcated microscopy, mononuclear can from The cyto- for both and the cyto-structural concepts of the finer protoplasm. REFERENCES J. W., REBUCK, and Sco’rr, H., G. scope. AND AND AND The AND j. F. 0., F. Structural F. ScHMI’rr, the 0.: E.,JAKUS, of electron BUCHHOLZ,J. Med. AND tool in animal for magnesium and the and magnesium connective 84: tissue by localization calcium the electron micro- of minerals in in smooth tissue M. A.: 20.’ 11-33, with M. JAICUS, by N. and AND Electron F. 0.: 474-475, L. in bio- striated muscle. Anat. muscle. Proc. Soc. Exper. the electron microscope. Anat. Rec. microscope Electron A.: microscope The studies Ultrastructure Lancaster, Tissue. investigations of the structure 1942.. of the structure of Para- Fibrils, in Fron- 1942.. Hocrr. of Protoplasmic Pa.: Advances Cattell of Protein F. 0.: Electron SCHMITT, Soc. 66.’ 313-314, Press, pp.2.61-2.76. 1943, Chemistry. vol. 1944, microscope observation organisation. The pp.2.5-68. ,, of clam muscle 1944. and AND stains.J. JR., the problem of cellular Harvey Lectures. o: F. 0.: SCHMITT, App. The structure of certain muscle fibrils as revealed by i6.’459-465, Phys. ANDERSON, T. F., illustrated with AND R. T.: A microtome HANCE, sections of striated muscle. sectioning Proc. Soc. technique Exper. Biol. for & Med. 1942.. M. R., BARNES, T.: A., AND 81.51-62., 95.’ 2.50, Chromosome FULLAM, 499-504, E. AND E. BAYLOR, R.: A study the electron of lamp brush chromosomes by the electron 1942.. structure F.: An under electron microscope. microscope study Science of isolated io;.’ 607-610, mitochondria. 1947. J. Exper. 1945. The -: 8: JAKUS, Cells of C. E., Science AND , C. E., microscopy Mcd. of SCHMITi’, Rec. M. A., A. G., microscope. CLAUDE, AND Ultrastructure C. G. L., 17 of calcium Physiol. Anat. Chem. 148-152., 1$ organs 194445. electron 51.’ of AND Comp. edited HALL, use RICHARDS, 19CLARK, analytical study A study C. E., Proteins M. A., HALL, F.: and HALL, 0., 2.49-2.68, 13 Cell, HALL, fibrils.J. Am. 12 hematopoietic 1939. study C. E., HALL, in Cytochemistry, JAKUS, in the 1941. trichocysts. Scnswrr, iO.__.._: as an 17-30, microscope 3031 T. J. M. A., mecium tiers electron ANDERSON, collagen. $JAKUS, localization cells 1947. 1942.. SCHMITt, of 7g.’ microscope & Med. 445, f2: The of blood 6.’398, of minerals Proc. 1939. An electron $ , studies Federation microscoFe Rec. An -: Biol. microscope man. M.: electron Anat. 74. 3 1-46, ‘-: D. PACKER, tissue. Rec. of 89: 2.2.7-2.2.8, 1938. -: logical Electron exudates Science , H.: WOODS, AND inflammatory preparation 1946. of sections of guinea pig liver for the electron microscope. 3. Exper. From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. JOHN K. R., 19 PORTER, J. C., 20 WOLPERS, 23 BARNES, study of organic W. 24JONES, J. H.: C.: 25 KOLOUCH, R. 28 WYCKOFF, 24.’ Struktur der AND 191 culture zur Liquorfibrins. R. SCOTT, i6’ proceedings 113119, G.: des Phys. cells by electron microscopy. Blutgerinnung. Klin. Wchnschr. 18: Klin. of G.: Electron 730-739, 19.’ Wchnschl. Naturwiss. 1940. 416-420, 29.’ microscopical 1941. replica techniques for the 1945. conference on the electron microscope. 1946. Oxford, 1947. The lymphocyte W. WOODS of tissue Erythrocytenmembran. Appl. Summarized Instru. F.,JR.: A study L. Struktureauntersuchungen Zur surfaces.J. M.: Scient. F.: HELEN 1939. WOLPERS, AND AND E. FULLAM, C.: Zur Feinsrruktur R. B., BURTON, C. J., 22 WOLPERS, REBUCK 1945. RUSKA, 1111-1117, H., AND Si.’ 2.33-2.46, AND 1077-1081, 21 RUSKA, A., CLAUDE, Med. Exper. W. in acute Frozen-dried inflammation. preparations Am.J. for Path. the electron Beziehungen zu 15’ 413-433, 1939. microscope. Science 36-37, 104. 1946. R.: 27 ALTMANN, Die Elementarorganismen und ihre den Zellen. Leipzig: Veit Co., and 1890. I.: The 28 GERSH, Altmann technique for by fixation drying while freezing. Anat. Rcc. 53 309-337, 1932.. 29 STASNEY,J., W.: The 660-699, 31 SUNDRERO, R. 32. H.: DOWNEY, AND J. 30 REBUCK, structure Subacute of the lymphatic giant cells in human leukemia. in the Am.J. Path. blood-forming 11312.6, 11.’ 1935. 3. Lab. organs. & Clin. Med. 1947. D.: Lymphocytogenesis lymph nodes. 3. Lab. & Clin. Med. lymph node 32 777-792., ‘947. 32 SwEITZER, S. E., Derm. & Syph. W. L.: SIMPSON, S. S.: Kis’runt, An The R., 35CHAMBERS, analysis measurement of bound” Hodgkin’s disease and imprints. Arch. of the The formation Altmann technic of freezing-drying. Anat. Rec. 8o: freezing method. J. of ice in protoplasm. Proc. Roy. water by the Am. Chem. Soc. ;8.’ 95.’ A.: Borntraeger, I 98. Hoerr. ASTRURY, Biochem. R. R,: T.: The amocboid movement Submikroskopische Chemical Lancaster, W. P.: Soc. Lond. Ser. B. of the mammalian leukocyte in tissue culture. Anat. 1946. 177-192., FREY-WYSSLING, BENSLEY, H. 1932.. P. P. H.: BRUYN, 40 MmcxiN, Ulcerative i. experimental HALE, AND 336-352., Rec. 38 2.2.9-2.36, 1936. 901-907, DR WINER, 51. 1941. 173-190, iio: L. H.: AND Structures Pa.: Cattell studies X-ray 8: 113-132., V.: Dynamics morphologic of Cytoplasm, Press, des in Protoplasmas Frontiers und in Cytochemistry, of the structures Inflammation. Derivate. edited Berlin: by N. L. I3. of compounds of biological 1939. of seiner New York, Macmillan Co., 1940. interest. Ann. Rev. From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 11, 2017. For personal use only. 1948 3: 175-191 ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF BLOOD CELLS JOHN W. REBUCK and HELEN L. 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