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NOTES: Ch 6- Introduction to the Cell
The Cell Theory
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MICROSCOPES
1) Light Microscope:
2) Electron Microscope (1950’s)
•_________________________ Electron Microscope
•_________________________ Electron Microscope Light Microscope
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**ADVANTAGES to Light Scope:
1. Color image instead of monochrome
2. Larger field of view
3. Easily prepared sample material
4. Possible to observe living material &
observe movement
Electron Microscope (1950’s)
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Transmission Electron Microscope
-used to study internal cell structureScanning Electron Microscope
-useful for studying the surface of specimen in 3-D.**Disadvantages to EM:
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WE CAN ALSO STUDY CELLS BY...
 Cell Fractionation =
 Centrifugation = •spinning mixtures of cells and their parts at very high speeds; separates the components
ALL CELLS:
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CELLS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS:
1. PROKARYOTES
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2. EUKARYOTES
SOME IMPORTANT CELL PARTS ARE…
NUCLEUS
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-averages __________ in diameter
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
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CHROMATIN
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CHROMOSOMES
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NUCLEOLUS
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1) rRNA: transcribed in nucleolus
2) RNA produced elsewhere in the nucleus
-Ribosomal subunits pass through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm where assembly
into ribosomes is completed
RIBOSOME
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-cells with high rates of protein synthesis have large numbers of nucleoli & ribosomes (e.g. human
liver cells have millions)
-may be free (suspended in cytosol) or bound (attached to the ER)