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Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net The Electromagnetic Spectrum Consolidation questions 1. Write in the correct word: Waves transfer _________________ from one place to another. 2. Correctly label the wavelength and amplitude on the following diagrams: 3. a) The top image in question 1 is emitted in 1 second. What is the frequency? b) If these waves were now emitted in half a second, what is the new frequency? 4. Fill in the correct word: parallel/perpendicular a) In transverse waves, the direction of the wave is ___________________________ to the direction of oscillation. b) In longitudinal waves, the direction of the wave is __________________________ to the direction of oscillation. Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net The equation that relates speed, wavelength and frequency of a wave is: v = λ x f 5. A GPS satellite sends a pulse to Earth, of wavelength 0.19 m. What is the frequency of the pulse? [speed of light in vacuum and air = 3 x 108 m/s] 6. a) A hummingbird beats its wings 1,500 times per minute. What is the frequency in Hertz of the sound wave this will produce? b) What is the wavelength of the wave? [speed of sound in air = 340 m/s] 7. a) Deri and Elise stand 4m apart and hold a stretched slinky between them. Deri sends a single wave along the slinky. It takes 2 seconds for the wave to travel to Elise. What is the wave speed? b) Deri can create 2 waves like this every second. What is the wavelength of the wave? 8. a) A laser gives out blue light at a frequency of 650 Tera Hz (650 x 1012 Hz). What is the wavelength of this light in air? [speed of light in air = 3 x 108 m/s] b) The laser light enters a glass prism. The speed of light in glass is two thirds the speed of light in air. What is the new speed of the blue light? c) The frequency of the blue light in the prism is unchanged. What is the new wavelength? 9. Draw on the correct reflected rays: mirror r rro mi mirror Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net 10. Draw the correct refracted rays: air air glass glass 11. Identify what the following pictures are showing: (either reflection, refraction, diffraction or dispersion) A D G B C E F H I Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net 12.Write out the electromagnetic spectrum in order of wavelength, starting with the longest: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Visible light __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 13.Which three EM waves are dangerous to humans? 14. Which EM wave... a) ...is used to transfer information through optical fibres? b) ...is used to broadcast information around the globe? c) ...is used to transmit information to satellites and mobile phone networks? d) ...has the highest frequency? e) ...is used to observe the universe at Jodrell Bank? Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net The Electromagnetic Spectrum Answers 1. Waves transfer energy from one place to another 2. Wavelength must go from any point on the wave, to the same point on the next wave (e.g. peak-topeak or trough-to-trough). The horizontal arrows show this. Amplitude goes from the midpoint of the wave, to the maximum height (or lowest point) of the wave. The vertical arrows show this. 3. Frequency (in Hertz) is the number of whole waves emitted per second. a) 2.5 Hz b) 5 Hz 4. a) In transverse waves, the direction of the wave is perpendicular to the direction of oscillation. b) In longitudinal waves, the direction of the wave is parallel to the direction of oscillation. 5. 1.58 x 109 Hz (1.58 GHz) 6. a) 1.5 x 103 Hz (1.5 kHz) 7. a) 2 m/s b) 0.22 m (22 cm) b) 1 m 8. a) 4.6 x 10-7 m (460 nm) b) 2 x 108 m/s c) 3.1 x 10-7 m (310 nm) 9. Angle of reflection = angle of incidence mirror r rro mi mirror Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre www.jodrellbank.net 10. When waves slow, they bend towards the normal. Refraction does not occur when incoming waves are perpendicular. air air normal normal glass glass 11. a) refraction b) diffraction c) dispersion d) reflection f) diffraction g) dispersion h) refraction i) refraction e) reflection 12. Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray 13. Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray 14. a) Visible light is used to transfer information through optical fibres. b) Radio waves are used to broadcast information around the globe. c) Microwaves are used to transmit information to satellites and mobile phone networks. d) Gamma rays have the highest frequency. e) Radio waves are used to observe the universe at Jodrell Bank.