Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek architecture wikipedia , lookup
Greek contributions to Islamic world wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek medicine wikipedia , lookup
Greek Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
History of science in classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Regions of ancient Greece wikipedia , lookup
Economic history of Greece and the Greek world wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek warfare wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek religion wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greece Ancient Greece Common themes in both Ancient Near East and Greece? What makes Greece stand out? Where do we see traces of it in modern West? Archaic Greece Archaic Greece The polis Greek city-state Plural: poleis Consisted of city, surrounding territory Archaic Greece Greek Colonization Great seafarers Spread Greek influence and trade Locations included Italy, Massalia Archaic Greece Greek Military HOPLITES Infantrymen Equipment: pike, sword, shield PHALANX Military formation 8 rows of soldiers Charged, stabbed in unison Archaic Greece Phalanx Archaic Greece Archaic Greece Sparta Closed military society Xenophobic Expansionist Archaic Greece Spartan Military Society Male newborns examined by state Boys’ education, to become hoplites Training began age 7 Austerity Preliminary service: between 14-20 yrs. Cowards stigmatized Archaic Greece Spartan Women Raised to bear strong hoplites Physical education Married approx. age 18 No share in government Managed domestic affairs while husbands away Could inherit, own property Archaic Greece Archaic Greece Archaic Greece Origins of Persian Wars (499-479 BC) Origins in Anatolia Greeks revolted, petitioned Athens for aid Destroyed major Persian cities Persians crushed rebellion, sought revenge Archaic Greece The Battle of Marathon (490/91 BC) Persians launched invasion of Greece The fighting 24 miles from Athens Athenians outnumbered Yet Athenian victory! Messenger ran to Athens with news? Archaic Greece Archaic Greece The Conflict Continues New invasion launched under Xerxes BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE (480 BC) Location of strategic hidden road betrayed to Persians Leonidas et al. defended pass Greece now open to Persians! Ultimate Greek victory Thermopylae Archaic Greece Trireme Archaic Greece Questions? Classical Greece Athenian Democracy (5th cent. BC) DEMOCRACY (demokratia): rule of the people Assembly (ekklesia), for citizens Judiciary Classical Greece Perikles (ca. 495-429 BC) Athenian general, politician Fostered, promoted democracy “Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy…” Classical Greece Athenian Women Married by age 15 Confined to household Supervised domestic affairs Could not inherit Only public role: religion Peplos Kore (ca. 525 BC) Classical Greece Origins of the Peloponnesian War Athens’s power grew after Persian Wars Wanted to expand, interfered in affairs of poleis Sparta became jealous, uncomfortable War! Classical Greece The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) Battles fought throughout poleis Sparta was ultimate victor (404 BC) Persian support Now controlled Athenian territory Aftermath: poleis were weakened, exhausted Classical Greece Questions? Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek Culture The Olympics Celebrated at temple of Zeus, Olympia Ceremonial games inaugurated 776 BC “Panhellenic” event Many games Victors prizes Myron, Diskobolos (5th cent. BC) Ancient Greek Culture Greek Religion Communal Olympian gods Oracles Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek Culture Pythia at Delphi Ancient Greek Culture Greek Poetry Early poems: epics Long, narrative tales about heroes Recited, sung to audience HOMER Homer (ca. 725 BC) Blind? Relied on oral tradition Iliad, Odyssey Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek Culture Greek Theater Social, religious Tragedy Comedy Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Greek Culture Theater at Epidauros, Greece ca. 335 BC Ancient Greek Culture Greek Humanities RHETORIC: art of speaking, argumentation HERODOTUS (ca. 485-425 BC) “Father of History” The Histories Observed rises, falls of empires Methodology: interviews, checked public records Not always critical Ancient Greek Culture Greek Sculpture Fascination with human body Emphasis on “Idealism” Favorite: idealized nude male Polykleitos, Doryphoros (ca. 450 BC) Ancient Greek Culture The Akropolis, Athens Reconstructed after Persian Wars The Parthenon (447-438 BC) Temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos “Ideal” temple Ancient Greek Culture The Parthenon Ancient Greek Culture Phidias, Athena Parthenos (ca. 440 BC) Ancient Greek Culture Plato (427-348 BC) Disciple of Sokrates Worldview “Theory of forms” Dualistic Explored ideal state in The Republic Founded Academy, Athens Ancient Greek Culture Aristotle (384-322 BC) Disciple of Plato Emphasized scientific observation Studied, categorized political systems in Politics Misogynist! Founded Lyceum, Athens Ancient Greek Culture Hippocrates of Cos (ca. 460-370 BC) “Father of Medicine” Belief: illness comes from problems in body, natural causes Prescribed natural remedies Disciples stressed keeping meticulous records Ancient Greek Culture Questions? The Hellenistic Period Macedon Not a polis Considered “barbarians” by Greeks Monarchy Expansion under King Philip (r. 360-336 BC) The Hellenistic Period The Hellenistic Period Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC) Son of Philip and Olympias Tutor: Aristotle Educated in Greek culture King at age 20 Secure position in Macedon and Greece Persia! The Hellenistic Period Alexander’s Conquests Invaded, conquered Persian Empire (334-327 BC) Traveled as far as India (327 BC) His “unacceptable” behavior mutiny Alexander died at Babylon (323 BC) The Hellenistic Period The Hellenistic Period The Hellenistic Period (323-30 BC) “HELLENISTIC” Refers to spread, transformation of Greek culture throughout Alexander’s empire Common language: Greek Foreigners became Greek by participating in Greek culture Center of Hellenistic culture: ALEXANDRIA, Egypt Pharos, Alexandria The Hellenistic Period Questions? Ancient Greece Common themes in both Ancient Near East and Greece? What makes Greece stand out? Where do we see traces of it in modern West?