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Earthquake Anatomy and Tectonic Plate Boundaries By: Rachel Bitler Marisa Congelio Janet D’Souza Earthquake • A sudden motion of trembling of the Earth • Caused by the abrupt release of energy that is stored in rocks Elements of an Earthquake cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/.../ QuakesEng3.html Seismic Waves (travel through rocks) • Travel inside the Earth and carry energy from focus to surface – P wave (like a slinkly-> moves parallel to wave direction) • Travels through air, liquid, and solid – S wave (like rope on wall-> moves perpendicular to wave direction) • Move only through solids • Radiate from the epicenter along the Earth’s surface – Travel more slowly than body waves – Two occur simultaneously: up-and-down rolling motion and a side-to-side vibration earthquake.usgs.gov/ image_glossary/bodywave.html Measurement of Seismic Waves • Seismograph: a device that records seismic waves – Pen remains still as paper (and ground) moves up and down • Seismogram: the record of the Earth’s vibration www.seismo.unr.edu/.../ 100/seismic-waves.html Earthquake Strength • Mercalli scale measures the amount of structural damage • Richter scale measures the amount of energy released during the earthquake http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/01428/earthquake1en.html#Intensity Locating the Source of an Earthquake: the time-travel curve http://www.gly.fsu.edu/~salters/GLY1000/Chapter4/Slide20.jpg Plate boundaries http://www.scarborough.k12.me.us/wis/teachers/dtewhey/webquest/nature/images/Tectonic%20plate%20bou ndaries.gify.thinkquest.org/03oct/01428/earthquake1en.html Plate Boundaries • Transform (San Andreas Fault Zone) – When plates move horizontally past one another http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/fischer/105_info/105_E_notes/lecture_n otes/Plate_Tectonics/PT_part4.html Plate Boundaries • Convergent (Himalayas) – When plates move together http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/fischer/105_info/105_E_notes/lecture_notes/Pla te_Tectonics/PT_images/Everest.jpg Plate Boundaries • Divergent (East African Rift) – When plates move apart http://atlas.geo.cornell.edu/education/instructor/topography/images/east_africa_rift_lg.gif
