Download CH. 5 EUROPE`S LATE MIDDLE AGES

CH. 5
EUROPE’S LATE
MIDDLE AGES
KNIGHTHOOD AND
CHIVALRY
 Chivalry - knights code of honor
 Not all knights were chivalrous
 Practiced by hunting and jousting
 The better the knight, the better his
social status.
 The long bow made the knight
obsolete.
 Pledge of allegiance
 God/Lord/Master
 EDUCATION
Page => Squire => Knight
Dubbing
FROM WOOD
TO STONE
DEFENCE / PROTECTION
COAT OF ARMS
Heraldry
Teams / uniforms
Family lineage
FEUDALISM - a system in which a free man binds himself
personally to a lord, offering him loyalty and military service
In return for protection and the use of property.
HUNDRED YEARS WAR
1338-1453
France vs. England
Who should be King of France?
England invaded France.
English King Edward =
Nephew of French ruler.
LONG WAR - Long truces,
winter, harvests.
ARCHERS gave England the advantage.
BATTLE OF AGINCOURT
1415 - French vs. English
Last important English victory
French
Four times the size
Rested and fed
Battled for best ransom position
Disorganized
English
- Use of archers
- Use of stakes
- Organized and
defeated a much
larger army
JOAN OF ARC
17 YR. OLD PEASANT GIRL
Led by angelic voices.
Led France to several victories.
Helped to crown Charles VII the King of
France.
Captured and burned at the stake.
Heresy and witchcraft.
Charles refused to pay ransom.
MARTYR - Became more powerful dead
than alive.
United the French people together as a
“nation” rather than fiefdoms.
TRADE AND TOWN
During the Crusades many new
trade items were discovered.
Silk, spices, tapestries, sugar, etc.
Ships and traders brought goods
back for profit.
allowed commoners an escape from
serfdom.
Started as trade fairs => later
evolved into towns.
Towns helped overcome winters
and outlaws.
THE CRAFT GUILDS
People became specialized
 (i.e.. Bakers, tailors, blacksmiths, tanners, tavern keepers,
etc.)
Carpenter
Guilds were formed to:
Set standards.
Control prices.
Eliminate competition.
Look after members
Blacksmith
Illness, trade.
Apprentice => Journeyman
=> Master
Shoe maker
MEDIEVAL TOWNS
MEDIEVAL
TOWNS
Became the center for farmers.
London - Today >8 million -Then
50 000.
Castle & walls for protection.
Unplanned, crowded no plumbing,
garbage, and sewage dumped.
Attractions - pageants, plays,
bear baiting, and other ‘blood
sports’.
Bear Baiting
SOCIAL CHANGES
 Money became as important as land.
 The rise of the Middle Class would end feudalism.
NEW FREEDOMS
- do as they wish
- marry who they please
- serfs = freedom if live
city for 1 yr. plus a
day.
- Charters - allowed
towns to govern
themselves
- usually run by
the wealthy.
in
NEW POWERS
- the merchant guild
became the most
powerful. ($ from
& trade)
- Hanseatic League protected trade routes
pressured leaders.
ships
and
MEDIEVAL WOMEN
Lower status than men.
Even the church approved of this.
Had many children, worked fields,
household chores, and died young.
Town women better off as earned
money.
Wealthy women still inferior but
with education and money their
status would eventually increase
slowly.
THE CHURCH IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
Still had great influence on the people.
RUMBLINGS IN THE FLOC
JOHN WYCLIFFE
 Questioned the church.
Had no right to tell people what to believe
Translated the Bible
Criticized the Church’s wealth.
John Hus also criticized & was burned at the stake
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
RomanArch
Gothic Arch
Flying Buttress
THE BLACK DEATH
(BUBONIC PLAGUE)
 1/3 of Europe would die
from the disease.
 Thousands of ghost towns.
 Many felt a punishment by God.
 Left a shortage of workers.
Rats& crew on ships spread disease.
 Spread from victim to victim
through fleas on rats.
 Symptoms.
 Swollen lymph glands.
 Dark blotches on skin.
 High fever
 Vomiting blood.
Protection ??
 Hallucinations.
 Die within one to three days.
Medieval towns were decimated.
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