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European Middle Ages (500-1200) I. The Rise of Medieval Europe A. ____________ (Charles the Great) – son of Pepin the Short 1. Used royal agents to keep tabs on ____________ (governors) 2. ____________ the size of his kingdom – a.k.a. Frankish Empire a. ____________, France, & Northern ____________ 3. Defended the ________ against Roman nobles a. Pope Leo crowns Charlemagne the ____________ Emperor 1. sets a precedent – church officials ________ to rulers (?) B. ____________ – political relationship between nobles 1. Emerges in the A.D. 900s as a result of ___________ (and others) raids 2. Highly ____________ form of government a. alliances of mutual protection between monarchs & _________ b. _____ given to nobles in exchange for loyalty & military aid 1. raised _______ & dispensed justice c. _________ farmed the land 3. ________– estates with peasants 4. ________ – a noble who served a lord of a next higher rank a. most important obligation was military service (______ served) b. also served in the lord’s court, provided food & lodging, contributed funds, and paid ____________ 5. ____________ built for defense – every noble a. built of stone on a hill w/______, keep, hall, dungeon, & bailey b. C. The ____________ System – economic system of agricultural production 1. Peasants worked the land in exchange for the lord’s ____________ 2. _________ – estate that produced everything its residents needed 3. ____________ – peasants bound to the land 4. Provided a ____________ and secure way of life 5. Agricultural production increased with the _________ and the ______ D. Catholic Church – dominant ____________ influence of western Europe 1. ___________ – became the strongest political leader in western Europe a. claimed spiritual authority over all ____________ 2. Administered __________ - baptism, penance, Eucharist (communion), confirmation, matrimony, anointing of the sick, and holy orders 3. Monasteries/___________ (Benedict) & convents/___________(Scholastica) a. took vows of ____________, chastity, and obedience b. provided ____________, hospitals, food, & guest houses 4. Catholicism spread to England, northern Germany, ____________ 5. ____________ influenced church policies through appointments 6. Call for church ____________ because of scandal and corruption European Middle Ages (500-1200) a. ____________, feasting, & dancing among the clergy b. _______ increased – conversion, excommunication, & interdicts used c. __________ & priests marrying and raising families 7. ____________ (mainly in Spain) – for seeking and punishing heretics a. confess or be punished (imprisonment, loss of property, or ______) E. Growth of Towns & Cities 1. ____________ rises from 30 million to 42 million 2. European towns were _________________ 3. ____________ (or merchants) changed medieval towns through trade 4. ____________ arose. Goal was to get a job in church or government 5. Need for cash and credit led to rise of ____________ & ____________ 6. Guilds – controlled __________, quality, wages, & working conditions F. Crusades 1. First Crusade – called by ______________ which captured Jerusalem 2. Second Crusade – called by St. Bernard of Clairvaux that was a ______ 3. Third Crusade – led by King ____________________ to recapture Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by _________; failed in attempt 4. Fourth Crusade – Crusaders attack and sack _________________ 5. Motivated by _________________, desire for _______, adventure, riches, religious fervor, feudalism, chivalry, and ___________________ 6. Impact: increase in _______, cultural diffusion, Byzantine Empire weakened, legacy of bitterness/hatred, decline of __________, lessened power of _____