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European Middle Ages (500-1200)
I. The Rise of Medieval Europe
A. ____________ (Charles the Great) – son of Pepin the Short
1. Used royal agents to keep tabs on ____________ (governors)
2. ____________ the size of his kingdom – a.k.a. Frankish Empire
a. ____________, France, & Northern ____________
3. Defended the ________ against Roman nobles
a. Pope Leo crowns Charlemagne the ____________ Emperor
1. sets a precedent – church officials ________ to rulers (?)
B. ____________ – political relationship between nobles
1. Emerges in the A.D. 900s as a result of ___________ (and others) raids
2. Highly ____________ form of government
a. alliances of mutual protection between monarchs & _________
b. _____ given to nobles in exchange for loyalty & military aid
1. raised _______ & dispensed justice
c. _________ farmed the land
3. ________– estates with peasants
4. ________ – a noble who served a lord of a next higher rank
a. most important obligation was military service (______ served)
b. also served in the lord’s court, provided food & lodging,
contributed funds, and paid ____________
5. ____________ built for defense – every noble
a. built of stone on a hill w/______, keep, hall, dungeon, & bailey
b.
C. The ____________ System – economic system of agricultural production
1. Peasants worked the land in exchange for the lord’s ____________
2. _________ – estate that produced everything its residents needed
3. ____________ – peasants bound to the land
4. Provided a ____________ and secure way of life
5. Agricultural production increased with the _________ and the ______
D. Catholic Church – dominant ____________ influence of western Europe
1. ___________ – became the strongest political leader in western Europe
a. claimed spiritual authority over all ____________
2. Administered __________ - baptism, penance, Eucharist (communion),
confirmation, matrimony, anointing of the sick, and holy orders
3. Monasteries/___________ (Benedict) &
convents/___________(Scholastica)
a. took vows of ____________, chastity, and obedience
b. provided ____________, hospitals, food, & guest houses
4. Catholicism spread to England, northern Germany, ____________
5. ____________ influenced church policies through appointments
6. Call for church ____________ because of scandal and corruption
European Middle Ages (500-1200)
a. ____________, feasting, & dancing among the clergy
b. _______ increased – conversion, excommunication, & interdicts
used
c. __________ & priests marrying and raising families
7. ____________ (mainly in Spain) – for seeking and punishing heretics
a. confess or be punished (imprisonment, loss of property, or ______)
E. Growth of Towns & Cities
1. ____________ rises from 30 million to 42 million
2. European towns were _________________
3. ____________ (or merchants) changed medieval towns through trade
4. ____________ arose. Goal was to get a job in church or government
5. Need for cash and credit led to rise of ____________ & ____________
6. Guilds – controlled __________, quality, wages, & working conditions
F. Crusades
1. First Crusade – called by ______________ which captured Jerusalem
2. Second Crusade – called by St. Bernard of Clairvaux that was a ______
3. Third Crusade – led by King ____________________ to recapture
Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by _________; failed in attempt
4. Fourth Crusade – Crusaders attack and sack _________________
5. Motivated by _________________, desire for _______, adventure,
riches, religious fervor, feudalism, chivalry, and ___________________
6. Impact: increase in _______, cultural diffusion, Byzantine Empire
weakened, legacy of bitterness/hatred, decline of __________, lessened
power of _____