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CH. 5 EUROPE’S LATE MIDDLE AGES KNIGHTHOOD AND CHIVALRY Chivalry - knights code of honor Not all knights were chivalrous Practiced by hunting and jousting The better the knight, the better his social status. The long bow made the knight obsolete. Pledge of allegiance God/Lord/Master EDUCATION Page => Squire => Knight Dubbing FROM WOOD TO STONE DEFENCE / PROTECTION COAT OF ARMS Heraldry Teams / uniforms Family lineage FEUDALISM - a system in which a free man binds himself personally to a lord, offering him loyalty and military service In return for protection and the use of property. HUNDRED YEARS WAR 1338-1453 France vs. England Who should be King of France? England invaded France. English King Edward = Nephew of French ruler. LONG WAR - Long truces, winter, harvests. ARCHERS gave England the advantage. BATTLE OF AGINCOURT 1415 - French vs. English Last important English victory French Four times the size Rested and fed Battled for best ransom position Disorganized English - Use of archers - Use of stakes - Organized and defeated a much larger army JOAN OF ARC 17 YR. OLD PEASANT GIRL Led by angelic voices. Led France to several victories. Helped to crown Charles VII the King of France. Captured and burned at the stake. Heresy and witchcraft. Charles refused to pay ransom. MARTYR - Became more powerful dead than alive. United the French people together as a “nation” rather than fiefdoms. TRADE AND TOWN During the Crusades many new trade items were discovered. Silk, spices, tapestries, sugar, etc. Ships and traders brought goods back for profit. allowed commoners an escape from serfdom. Started as trade fairs => later evolved into towns. Towns helped overcome winters and outlaws. THE CRAFT GUILDS People became specialized (i.e.. Bakers, tailors, blacksmiths, tanners, tavern keepers, etc.) Carpenter Guilds were formed to: Set standards. Control prices. Eliminate competition. Look after members Blacksmith Illness, trade. Apprentice => Journeyman => Master Shoe maker MEDIEVAL TOWNS MEDIEVAL TOWNS Became the center for farmers. London - Today >8 million -Then 50 000. Castle & walls for protection. Unplanned, crowded no plumbing, garbage, and sewage dumped. Attractions - pageants, plays, bear baiting, and other ‘blood sports’. Bear Baiting SOCIAL CHANGES Money became as important as land. The rise of the Middle Class would end feudalism. NEW FREEDOMS - do as they wish - marry who they please - serfs = freedom if live city for 1 yr. plus a day. - Charters - allowed towns to govern themselves - usually run by the wealthy. in NEW POWERS - the merchant guild became the most powerful. ($ from & trade) - Hanseatic League protected trade routes pressured leaders. ships and MEDIEVAL WOMEN Lower status than men. Even the church approved of this. Had many children, worked fields, household chores, and died young. Town women better off as earned money. Wealthy women still inferior but with education and money their status would eventually increase slowly. THE CHURCH IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES Still had great influence on the people. RUMBLINGS IN THE FLOC JOHN WYCLIFFE Questioned the church. Had no right to tell people what to believe Translated the Bible Criticized the Church’s wealth. John Hus also criticized & was burned at the stake CHURCH ARCHITECTURE RomanArch Gothic Arch Flying Buttress THE BLACK DEATH (BUBONIC PLAGUE) 1/3 of Europe would die from the disease. Thousands of ghost towns. Many felt a punishment by God. Left a shortage of workers. Rats& crew on ships spread disease. Spread from victim to victim through fleas on rats. Symptoms. Swollen lymph glands. Dark blotches on skin. High fever Vomiting blood. Protection ?? Hallucinations. Die within one to three days. Medieval towns were decimated. QuickTim eᆰ and a TIFF (Uncom pr essed) decom pr essor ar e needed to see this pictur e. QuickTimeᆰ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTim eᆰ and a TIFF (Uncom pr essed) decom pr essor ar e needed to see this pictur e.