Download new - Center for Homeland Defense and Security

Upgrading Socrates:
Innovative Homeland Security Teaching
and Technology
Integrative Center for Homeland Security
Dr. David H. McIntyre
HTTP://HomelandSecurity.TAMU.edu
979-862-2432
The Narrative of Homeland Security
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New Technology
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New Enemy
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Radical Ideology
Deadly . . . And Appealing
New Approach
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Apocalyptic Terrorism
No Negotiation or Alternative
New Vulnerability
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Reversing the Balance -- Offense / Defense
Big Weapons to Small People
Specialization, Complexity, Expectations, Strategic Challenge
 A New World . . .
. . . A Challenge to Domestic Legitimacy
We Could Lose
© mcintyre 2006
[email protected]
What Would Losing Look Like
• Lose race against WMD proliferation.
• Lose common cause with friends and allies
• Lose struggle for moderate states with
common values.
• Lose struggle against a wider war.
• Lose capability and legitimacy to defend
ourselves & our interests.
• Lose national power at home.
• Lose national coherence at home.
• Lose national character at home.
• Lose the character of the modern world.
The Good News about Homeland
Security Education
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Real Progress
HSDECA
Prospects with Technology
An Example: TAMU
– Integrating a suite of new technologies to promote inquiry and
collaboration.
– New Availability of Readings – Newsletters, RSS feed, the Power of
dedicated sites
• The importance to pushing student use
– New Availability of Watchings: MediaMatrix
• Next: Clips
– New Availability of Listenings:
• Next: Indexed and aligned with curriculum
– New Course Delivery:
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Promise of course delivery (including lectures) by iTouch
Readings delivered by electronic book
Student exchange promoted by social software
Student collaboration using desktop surveys.
Student learning & experimentation by desktop exercises.
New Degree - by Niche
Result: new learning opportunities for students and faculty alike.
What’s missing? Where is every body?
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National Educational Leaders
Tenured Faculty
Range of Issues / Partners / Solutions COEs
Theories / Contribution theories
Incentives / Value added
Customers: Federal, State, Local, Business
Jobs for our students
Structured Inquiry as the focus of Education
– (what is this all about?)
inquiry
What’s the problem?
– Recognition of the problem
– A structured way to think about it
• Definitional
• Holistic
• Inquiry: Upgrading Socrates
– A structured way to manage information
• Networked Educators each from their
educational niche
• Using modern technology
• Raising our profile / Having an IMPACT
– Pressing for Incentives . . . Read Jobs
We better get busy:
Alternative Narratives
Alternative Realities
At Work
What Would Winning Look Like
• New Technology, New Economy
• Improved Responder Skills
– Initiative, Early Decisions, Structured Thinking
• Improved Government Capabilities
– ICS, NIMS, NRP, Analysis, Fusion, Policy, Doctrine
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Much Better Use of Resources
Improved Interagency / Interjurisdiction
Improved Deterrence / Security
Reinvigorated International Community
Relegitimized Government
Reinvigorated Citizenship and Engagement
Upgrading Socrates:
Innovative Homeland Security Teaching
and Technology
Integrative Center for Homeland Security
Dr. David H. McIntyre
HTTP://HomelandSecurity.TAMU.edu
979-862-2432
Initial
DHS
COEs
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Summary – Theories for
National Level Strategies
Political
• Power
• Balance of Power
• Collective Security
• International
Regimes
• Hegemonic
Stability
• Democratic Peace
• Power
Preponderance
Economic
• Mercantilism
• Colonialism
• Liberalism
– Free Market
– Government
Market
• Marxism
• Third Way?
Security
• Progress
• Social Cohesion
• 3d Wave
• Long Wave
• Disease
• Rational Actor
• Power
• Values
• Leaders
• Regimes
Strategic Concept:
© mcintyre 2005
• Traditional: Balancing Ends, Ways and Means . . . Or . . .
[email protected]
• Holistic: “If X over time against a ThinkingEnemy then Y.”
Operationalizing Strategy: Balancing Ways, Means, and Ends.”
The Logic of War: Military Concepts
-- Attack Center of Gravity - Cause and Effect - Ends & Means --
• Attrition
• Annihilation
– Overwhelming Force
• Disruption/Paralysis
• Exhaustion
• Symmetric vs.
Asymmetric Attack
• Sinews of War
• Nodal War
• War of the Rings
– Leadership
– Production
– Transportation
– Population
– Forces
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Military
Theorists
Jomini
Clausewitz
Mahon
Corbet
Hart
Douhet
- Tedder
- ACTC
Warden
Pape
Precision War
Sequential War
Cumulative War
Deterrence
Punishment
Denial
Preemption
Combat Multipliers
– Elements of National
Power
– Coalition War
• Info War:
– Attack Perception
– Defend Truth
© mcintyre 2003
[email protected]
Theory in support of Homeland Security
Dynamics of Homeland
Security Policy
System Under Stress – Ch. 7
Dr Donald F. Kettl
University of Pennsylvania
Dynamics of Homeland Security Policy
Chap 7: System Under Stress-- How Policy Change Takes Place
Dr Donald Kettl
1) Incrementalism
– “The Science of ‘Muddling Through’,” Chales E. Lindblom
– Compare to traditional theory of Evolution
– Policy change through small steps, which provide a selfadjusting process of correcting little mistakes before they
become big ones
– Implications not stated: Control thru bureaucratic process
2) Punctuated Equilibrium
– Baumgartner and Jones
– Compare to new theory of Evolution
– Policy is relatively stable most of the time, with change occurring
incrementally. However, pressures may build until they erupt
explosively in large, fundamental change when big events rock
the system.
How does the Political System
(Government) React to Stress?
• Which model better captures the results of a terrorism
stress test?
– Kettl argues neither
– Periodic rapid fundamental change discredits the “incrementalism
model”
– The ability of some powerful forces to put brakes on some changes
discredits the “punctuated equilibrium model”
• Alternative: Punctuated Backsliding
– A system when faced with a major shock reacts quickly and
forcefully, but then tends to settle back to a new equilibrium of
bureaucratic pressures over time
– Ex. Homeland security system
What causes backsliding?
1) Bureaucracy
– Instinct for autonomy
– Different organizational cultures
– Multiple, conflicting missions
2) Federalism
– Inattention by federal officials to state-local problems
– Difficulties in state-local coordination
– Difficulties coordinating among local governments
3) Congress
– Multiple, overlapping committee jurisdictions
– Instinct to use homeland security funds for pork
4) Nature
– Few rewards for preventing attacks
– Recurring argument that money is more urgently needed
elsewhere
– Tendency for complacency over time
Recommendations / Implications
for establishing “new normalcy”
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Pursue enduring values
Reduce fear
Counter terrorist threat
Use theory to leverage change:
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Anticipate
Devise new strategies for effective governance
Use lessons: Execute in policy windows
Note: Adapting our historic institutions to new and
unforgiving problems is the largest challenge to
democracy in the twenty-first century
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Most Promising Solution: Education
The Challenge of Homeland Security
Framework for Inquiry
• #1 What is the Context?
– Definitions, Interests, Agendas, Sides, Beliefs/Values
– What does the end state / victory look like?
• #2 What is the Best Strategy?
– What concept(s) of cause and effect will achieve this end state
against a thinking enemy over time?
Bridge 2-3:
– How to operationalize your strategic concept
-Plans
• Balance Ends, Ways, Means
• #3 What are the Right Policies?
-Budgets
-Doctrine
– Who Can and Should Do What?
– Grounded in, Protecting, and Limited by the Constitution
– Guided by
• National Culture
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• National Systems
• Realities of Organization, Jurisdictions, Authorities, and
Agencies -- Federal, State, Local, Industry (International)
• #4 What are the decisive influences on strategy/policy?
– Perceptions, People, Politics, Priorities . . . Reality