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Infectious Disease 40-1 What is Disease? • Tell me what you think… What is Disease? • Disease – Any change in the body, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body – Disease has many causes • • • • Bacteria Viruses Environmental Factors (cigarette smoke, pollution) Genetics Koch’s Postulate • Koch said: – Disease is caused by microorganisms and NOT by curses, evil spirits or night vapors – Yes, for thousands of years, people believed that diseases were caused by those things. Infectious Disease • Infectious = can be passed from person to person • Pathogens – Cause disease – EX: • • • • Bacteria Viruses Protists Worms Bacteria • Single Celled living organisms – Asexual reproduction – Multiply by themselves • Can easily be seen with a microscope!! • Live & breed in warm, moist environments • Prokaryotes: no nucleus Bacteria and Humans • Most bacteria = harmless • Good for humans! – many places on our bodies – Intestines…digestion Bacteria as Pathogens • Bacteria as Pathogens – Break down tissues – Release toxins – EX: • • • • • Streptococcus (Strep Throat) Diptheria Botulism Anthrax E. coli (found in food) Bacteria Treatments for Bacterial Infection • Antibiotics – Kill bacteria, but not body cells – Interfere with the cellular processes of the bacteria – One antibiotic will kill many different kinds of bacteria – Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin Virus • 1000 times smaller than bacteria!! – Cannot be seen with a microscope • Cannot live or reproduce on their own – Must invade a host cell – Contain RNA or DNA but none of the equipment to reproduce Virus • Pathogenic • Mutate often • Examples: – Common cold – Influenza – Smallpox – Warts – HIV Virus Treatments for Viral Infection • Best treatment: – Rest – Water – No help from Doc! • Antibiotics are NOT effective against viruses because the virus live within your own body’s cells. Why you feel sick when you have an infection • Symptoms caused by your body’s response to the infection – Fever • kill the pathogen – Vomiting, Runny nose, coughing • physically remove the pathogen – You feel tired because your body is working overtime fighting the infection In Review • An Infectious Disease is – Disease that can be passed from person to person • A Pathogen is – A disease causing agent • Bacteria – Single-celled living organisms – Killed by Antibiotics • Virus – Tiny particles, need host cell in order to replicate – Antibiotics are INEFFECTIVE