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Behavior
Adaptation Review
• Adaptations are traits that increase an organism’s
chance of survival in a particular environment.
• Adaptations are inherited from parents.
• Adaptations can be physical or behavioral.
• Ex. Fur color, nocturnal vs. diurnal, hibernation
(winter) and estivation(summer)
• Ex. Flower color, thorns, catching flies
Learned Behaviors in Animals
• Learned behavior has been changed by practice or
experience.
– Habituation-doing something so much you do not think
about it anymore.
– Conditioning-making a mental connection between a
stimulus and a reward or punishment. Ex. Trial and
Error (maze), Pavlov’s Dogs
– Insight Learning/Reasoning
Animal Behaviors
• Instinct behavior (innate) is behavior that the animal
is born with.
• Ex. Fight or Flight, reproduction, protection from
predators, hibernating/estivating
– Taxis-movement in relation to a stimulus that has a
direction toward or away from the stimulus
– Reflex-movement in relation to a stimulus.
• What controls these behaviors?
– DNA!!!
Imprinting•
Imprinting is a type of behavior
that is both learning and innate.
– There is a limited phase in an
animal’s development which is
the only time when certain
behaviors can be learned
– Konrad Lorenz
Social Behaviors
• Courtship- Dances to attract mates
• Territoriality-mark the area so others know it is
your area
• Hierarchy – social levels within a group
• Communication- inform others of location of food
or danger
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Pheromones
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcHt5n3NGK0
Bee Dances
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaszh2bY3mc
Behavior
• Rhythmic Behaviors-behaviors that occur in a cycle or
pattern.
• All animals function on circadian rhythms.
– “biological clocks”
– Include activities an animal would do in a 24 hour cycle.
Ex. Sleep, Wake, Eat, Excretion, etc.
• Annual Rhythms=occur over several seasons or a
year.
– Hibernation/estivation
• Plant Biological rhythms-photoperiodism
Plant movement!
• Tropism
– Movement because of an environmental stimulus AND the
direction is determined by the stimulus.
– Permanent (until the stimulus changes)
– Ex. Phototropism=light
– Thigmotropism=touch
– Gravitropism=gravity
• Tropisms are positive (toward) or negative (away).
Example: a plant’s leaves show positive phototropism.
• These are controlled by plant hormones.
• Diagrams
Hormones that affect plants.
• Auxins-cause cells to grow, stop (this can cause
the plant to move)
• Gibberellins-cause germination and growth of
seedlings, increase fruit size, and can promote
flowering
• Ethylene-Ripens fruit
• Abscisic Acid-dormancy, blocks other hormones