Download Promiscuous-animals mate with multiple partners and form no

Promiscuous-animals mate with multiple partners and form no
lasting bonds.
Polygamous-a type of relationship in which an individual of
one sex mates with several others.
Monogamous-animals form a bid with a single partner and
both partners care for their offspring.
Behavior- encompasses a wide range of activities.
Behavioral ecologists-study behavior in an evolutionary
context.
Stimuli-environmental cues that cause a response.
Proximate causes-answers the such questions about the
immediate mechanism for a behavior.
Ultimate causes-are the evolutionary explanations for
behavior, or the answers to ultimate questions.
Innate behavior-bahavior that is under strong genetic
control and is performed in virtually the same way by all
individuals of a species.
Fixed action patterns-an unchangeable series of actions
triggered by a specific stimulus.
Learning-modification of behavior as a result of specific
experiences.
Habituation-an animal learns not to respond to a repeated
stimulus that conveys little or no information.
Imprinting-learning that is limited to a specific time
period in an animals life and that is generally
irreversible.
Sensitive period-limited phase in an animals development
when it can learn a certain behavior.
Kinesis-a random movement in response to a stimulus.
Taxis-a response directed toward or away from a stimulus.
Spatial learning-animals establish memories of land marks
in their environment that indicate the locations of food,
net sites, prospective, mates, and potential hazards.
Cognitive map-an internal representation or code of the
spatial relationships amount objects in an animals
surroundings.
Migration-the regular back and forth movement of animals
between two geographic areas.
Associatative learning-the ability to associate one
environmental feature with another.
Trial and error learning-an animal learns to associate one
of it's own behaviors with a positive or negative effect.
Social learning-learning by observing the behaviors of
others.
Cognition-the process carried out by an animals nervous
system to perceive, store, integrate and use information
gathered by senses.
Problem solving-process of applying past experience to
overcome obstacles in novel situations.
Foraging-includes not only eating, but also any mechanism
an animal uses to search for, recognize, and capture food
items.
Optimal foraging theory-an animals feeding behavior should
provide maximal energy gain with minimal energy expense and
minimal risk of being eaten while foraging.
Search image-the mechanism that enables an animal to find
particular foods efficiently.
Communication-an essential element of interactions between
individuals.
Signal-a stimulus transmitted by one animal to another.
Social behavior-any kind of interaction between two or more
animals, usually of the same species.
Sociobiology-evolutionary theory to the study and
interpretation of social behavior-the study for how social
behaviors are adaptive and how they could have evolved by
natural selection.
Territory-is an area, usually fixed in location, which
individuals defend and from which other members of the same
species are usually excluded.
Agnostic behavior-including threats, rituals, and sometimes
combat that determine which competitor gains access to the
resource.
Dominance hierarchy-ranking of individuals based on social
interactions.
Altruism-behavior that reduces an individuals fitness while
increasing the fitness of others in the population.
Kin selection-natural selection favoring altruistic
behavior that benefits relatives.
Reciprocal altruism-an altruistic act that may be repaid at
a later time by the beneficiary.