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Behavioral Ecology Big Idea 2E: Many biological processes involved in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis include temporal regulation and coordination Essential Knowledge • 2E3: Timing and coordination of behavior are regulated by various mechanisms and are important in natural selection. Ethology • Science of studying animal behavior Orgs. can act on info and communicate it to others Can do this through… • Innate Behaviors: behaviors that are inherited. Or through… • Learned Behaviors: Behaviors that are learned through interactions w/ the env. and other orgs. Survival! • Is dependent upon an orgs ability to respond to info and communicate natural selection Ex: Evolution of Phototropism • This response allows plants to move w/ sun to gain maximum exposure to light for PS. Ex: Evolution of Photoperiodism • Changes in length of night regulates flowering and preparation of winter. Behaviors are Triggered by Environmental Cues • Necessary for reproduction, natural selection, and survival. What is the environmental cue here to start this behavior? Estivation What do I want to get away from? • A hibernation behavior in which an org is trying to escape an event in their env. Migration • A temporary movement; move back and forth from a place • Why do whales migrate? What is the cue? Cooperative Behavior is Needed! • Contributes to the survival of a population. Ex: Altruism • An animal’s behavior decreases its fitness, but increases fitness for others. • Ex: ground squirrel gives off alarm when sees a coyote warns others, but increases its chances of dying. Ex: Mutualistic Relationships • Lichens: A fungus and a photosynthetic partner. • Increases survival of both pops. Lab Stuff: Kinesis • Simple random change in activity in response to a stimulus. • Ex: Sow bugs: Like moist areas. When in a moist area slowly move so that they don’t leave it. Lab Stuff: Taxis • Automatic movement to or away from a stimulus. • To the stimulus positive taxis • Away from stimulus negative taxis • Ex: Trout: swim upstream (food and egg laying)