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The Reformation • Accusations that the church leaders were corrupt and not in it to teach the word of God • Many of the clergy had lavish lifestyles. • Martin Luther- Most famous reformer against the Catholic Church • He was a model monk – Prayed hard – Went to confession – Memorized the Bible – Lived Modestly • Began to question the church’s practices, especially how they abused indulgences • An indulgence is a payment to the church that would wipe away any of your past sins and sins not yet committed. • The Church was abusing the sales of indulgences for money • In defiance of the church, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg. • He said, nowhere in the Bible did it mention indulgences • Luther didn’t intend to start a new religion, but his ideas eventually blossomed into a new religious movement. • Started the Lutheran Church • Protestant vs. Catholic • Catholicism taught that man needed a middle man to reach God. – Confession – Pope is the supreme head – Purgatory – 7 Sacraments • Protestant thought is that faith in Christ and the Bible alone was all a Christian needed • King Henry VIII would deliver the decisive blow to the Catholic Church in England • At first Henry was a big time supporter of the Catholic Church. • Henry wanted a male heir to be the next king after his death • Him and his wife Catherine were not able to produce a male, so Henry wanted a divorce • Divorce was against the Catholic Church rules. Till death do us part used to actually mean that • Then Henry tried to get an annulment but the Pope refused. • Henry married another women in secret named Anne Boleyn and produced another daughter named Elizabeth • Henry and the English Parliament would denounce the Catholic Church and create their own Church of England (Anglican Church). • Very similar to Catholicism. Basically just switched power from the Pope and gave it to the King. • Mary would be the leader after Henry’s death and she returned England to Catholicism • Mary would persecute and execute many who didn’t agree to convert back to Catholicism. – “Bloody Mary” • After Mary’s death, her half-sister Elizabeth would become the queen and return England once and for all to a Protestant country. 1. Why was there growing accusations against the Catholic Church? 2. Who was the most famous reformer against the Catholic Church? 3. What is an indulgence? Why was Luther against them? 4. What did Luther do to show his defiance of the Church? 5. What are some major differences between Protestantism and Catholicism? 6. Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church? 7. How did Mary earn her nickname? 8. What did Elizabeth do when she took over the throne?