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Ancient Greece Who has the vote? Vocabulary • Monarchy- a system of government in which a King or Queen rules • Oligarchy- a system of government in which only a few people have power in the government • Tyrant- a leader who usually holds power through use of force • Democracy- any system of government in which people rule themselves; it comes from the Greek word “demos” and “kratia” = “rule of the people”. • Direct Democracy- a system of government in which citizens vote directly on all decision of the government; it was practiced by Athens • Citizen- a person who owes loyalty to a country and receives the responsibilities and the protections of its government • Pericles- a famous leader of Athens; he helped strengthen democracy in Athens and encouraged people to take pride in their city • City-State- a city and the surrounding countryside; how Greece was politically organized; polis is the Greek word for city Monday January 11, 2016 Homework: Review Test – 1/20 = No Mapskills using big laminated map Greece Test – 1/28 Greek Day – 1/29 Focus: 1. Make a graphic organizer using the EQ on Governments Make your Graphic Organizer like this example Question Answer What was the impact of governments upon ancient Greek society? A.City-States B.Solon C.Cleisthenes D.Pericles E.Athenian Citizens Visual Solon Athens first attempt to take control of their government was in the 590’s BC. A man named Solon, created a set of laws giving more rights. He declared that all free men living in Athens could become citizens, who had the right to participate in government decisions. Cleisthenes Creates A Democracy Around 500 BC, a new leader named Cleisthenes, gained power and developed a new government, Democracy. This government, Demokratia (demos – people + kratia – rule), allowed every citizen to have a voice in determining how the Athenian city-state would be run. • Direct Democracy – every citizen directly involved in political decisions. Athens In A Democracy • 1. All citizens had the right to participate in The Assembly that created the city’s laws. • 2. Every citizen had the right to speak their opinion. • 3. Every citizen had the right to vote after speeches were over. • 4. Usually, fewer than 6,000 citizens attended the Assembly Meetings, which were held every 10 days. • 5. Because the assembly was so large, Athenians selected Ten officials known as generals who carried out the assembly’s laws and policies. They served on smaller councils for easy decision making. • Assisting in decision-making, a Council of Five Hundred citizens was selected by lottery each year. They proposed laws, dealt with foreign countries and oversaw the treasury $ Athens Becomes More Democratic Under Pericles • Pericles, a general of the Persian Wars, and leading political figure, guided Athens for more than 30 years, from 461 B.C.E., when he was first elected, until 429 B.C.E., shortly before his death. • Pericles made Athens even more democratic. • Encourages the Athenians to take pride in their city. • Participating in government was just as important as defending Athens in war. • Believed people’s talents were far more important than social hierarchy. • Pericles began to pay people who served as public officials, judges, and juries, so they would be more willing to participate in government.. So…….Who is a citizen in Athens? •Democracy – is rule by the people. Specifically it is rule by the citizens. •Athens was the birthplace of Democracy. Let’s begin with who were citizens in ancient Athens. •Pick up your card, read it silently to yourself…..DO NOT SHARE YET……… be prepared to participate in a brief discussion. Who has the vote? Read your card and be prepared to share. •A. Slaves •B. Metics •C. Female children of citizen •D. Male children of citizen •E. Wives of citizens – •F. Citizen SLAVES •No rights and will never be a citizen •Master’s permission to marry or have children •Permission to work for money – rare, but could purchase freedom •Treated according to ownership METICS •Male or female, from another citystate •Rich or poor; may run a business; may move to other places •Run your own affairs •NO voice in government and will never become a citizen FEMALE CHILDREN OF CITIZEN •Considered your father’s property. •He can abandon you if he chooses. •NO SCHOOL, but some wealthy girls were taught at home. •Learn “Home Skills” from mother: cooking, cleaning, sewing, weaving, etc. •No rights and will never be a citizen MALE CHILDREN OF CITIZEN •Some education/Wealthy attend for years •Academic and physical classes •YOU WILL BE A CITIZEN ONE DAY!!! CITIZEN’S WIFE •No rights and will never be a citizen •Considered your Husbands property •Home activities •No contact with husband’s guests •Escorted outside home for religious festivals and plays CITIZEN • Requirement to be a citizen: • Male – usually about 18 years of age • Father had to be a citizen • Mother’s Father had to be a citizen • Responsibilities & Duties: • 18 yrs old you will serve two years in military • Debate and vote in assembly – which decided Athens’ laws. • Serve on jury • Eligible to serve on Council of 500 (reviews ideas before presented to the Assembly) • Rich, poor, farmer, craftsman, merchant….it don’t matter!!! Think About It? • As a group, complete the following below. Please have your information arranged neatly on a piece of white paper. • Add color and visuals/symbols/Illustrations. • 1. How Democratic was Athenian Democracy in your opinion? • 2. Compare and/or Contrast Athenian Democracy with U.S. Democracy…..at least 2 examples. • 3. Choose one below. • What changes would you make to Athenian Democracy? • What aspects of Athenian Democracy would you bring to U.S. Democracy? Rights of A U.S. Citizen •Freedom to express yourself. •Freedom to worship as you wish. •Right to a prompt, fair trial by jury. •Right to vote in elections for public officials. •Right to apply for federal employment requiring U.S. citizenship. •Right to run for elected office. •Freedom to pursue “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Responsibilities of A U.S. Citizen •Support and defend the Constitution. •Stay informed of the issues affecting your community. •Participate in the democratic process. •Respect and obey federal, state, and local laws. •Respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others. •Participate in your local community. •Pay income and other taxes honestly, and on time, to federal, state, and local authorities. •Serve on a jury when called upon. •Defend the country if the need should arise. Ancient Democracy Differs from Modern Democracy In Athenian Direct Democracy In U.S. Representative Democracy 1. All citizens met as a group to debate and vote directly on every issue. 1. Citizens elect representative to debate and vote on issues for them. 2. There was no separation of 2. There is a separation of power. powers. Citizens created laws, Citizens elect some people to enforced laws, and acted as judges. create laws, others enforce laws, and others to be judges. 3. Only free male citizens could vote. Women, foreigners, and 3. Men and women who are slaves were not citizens and could citizens have the right to vote at not vote. the age of 18. What is a U.S. Citizen? • 1. Born in the U.S., U.S. territory or U.S. military institution. • 2. Naturalization Ceremony – Immigrants pass test and other requirements. • 3. Derivative citizenship - Through their parents' naturalization, some children become U.S. citizens automatically, or depending upon the date the parent(s) were naturalized. • Children become U.S. citizens derivatively through their parents' naturalization as long as all of the following requirements are met before the child's 18th birthday. • At least one parent is a U.S. citizen, • The child is under 18 years of age, and • The child is admitted to the United States as an immigrant. • 4. Acquired citizenship - A child might have "acquired" U.S. citizenship at birth without knowing, or without the parents knowing, if they were born outside the United States and either parent was a U.S. citizen when the child was born. This might also be true even if neither parent was born in the United States, but one or more of the grandparents were. This is an extremely complicated area of immigration law. Debriefing 1. Who was a citizen in ancient Athens? 2. How did Athenian Democracy compare/contrast with American Democracy? Independent Activity 1. Do you think Athenian Direct Democracy was a good or bad thing? 2. How would you have handled being a non-citizen and having to follow laws/rules that you may not necessarily agree with? 3. Can you defend your position about being a citizen in Athens? 4. What changes to Athenian Democracy and or Athenian Citizenship would you recommend? •Clear and detailed supporting examples – a minimum of three to five per focus question. •Be prepared to share and defend your thoughts. Debriefing • 1. Did your opinion change on any statement? Why or Why not? Explain. • 2. What example(s)d was given to support an idea, whether you agree with it or not? Explain. • 3. Which statement did you most agree with/least agree with? Why?