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Stolen by Mr. Lawler The Geography of Greece Main Idea Power & Authority The growth of city-states in Greece led to the development of several political systems, including democracy Why it Matters Now Many political systems in today’s world mirror the varied forms of government that evolved in Greece Rules and Order in Greek City-States • Greeks did not develop political unity Created polis (city-states) Most city-states covered 50 to 500 square miles Home to fewer than 10,000 residents Acropolis – gathering place to discuss city government The Acropolis Today Greek Polis • Types of Rule in City-States Rule by a king (Monarchy) Rule by a small group of people (Aristocracy) Rule by a few powerful people (Oligarchy) Rule by a tyrant- powerful individuals who work for the interests of ordinary people Athens Builds a Limited Democracy • 621 B.C. – Draco ruled all Athenians equal under the law • 594 B.C. – Solon establishes a direct democracy All citizens participate in government Only males were citizens Outlawed slavery Created 4 social classes top 3 could hold office Solon ATHENS: Yesterday & Today Athens-Democracy (Continued) • 500 B.C. – Cleisthenes organized citizens in 10 groups Created council of 500 Council members chosen at random Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were citizens Women, slaves, foreigners excluded Athenian Education • Athenian Males Sons of wealthy got formal education at age 7 Two years of military service at age 18 Active service is called hoplites (infantry) Right to speak and vote in the Assembly At age 30, could serve in the Council of 500 Women, very little to do outside of family life Sparta Builds a Military State $ 2nd Most Important City-State $ Located near the Gulf of Corinth $ Very different from Athens $ Built a military state Conquered Laconia & Messenia Slaves became known as Helots $ Didn’t care about Democracy & Arts $ “Spartan” means highly self-disciplined SPARTANS Spartan Government & Society $ $ Council of Elders 30 yr. old citizens: proposed laws 5 elected officials carried out laws Oligarchy $ 2 kings ruled Sparta’s military force Social Order Original inhabitants Noncitizens: worked in commerce/industry Helots: field & house servants Council of Elders SPARTA Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans. Spartan Daily Life • 607-371 B.C. Most Powerful Army • Individual expression discouraged • Men served in Army until age 60 • Women physically conditioned to be healthy mothers • ran- wrestled- played sports Women told men, “ come back with your shield or on it” had more independence than Athenian women Greeks admired Spartan discipline but didn’t want to live like them Spartan Women Persian Wars: 499 B.C. – 480 B.C. The Persian Wars • Persians control all of Middle East • Greek cities in Asia Minor rebel against Persians • Athens sent ship to help them Battle of Marathon – 546 B.C. Darius (King of Persia) decides to conquer Greece and punish Athens 10,000 Athenians defeat 25,000 Persians lined themselves in phalanxes Messenger sent 26 miles to deliver news of victory to Athens The Battle of Marathon The Phalanx Battle of Thermopylae • Xerxes, son of Darius, attacks Greece in 480 B.C. • Persians overwhelm Spartans at Thermopylae 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass fought 3 days • Persians capture Athens Set fire to Athens Battle of Thermopylae Pass at Thermopylae Athenians Fight Back • Defeat Persians at Salamis (naval battle) • Athenians create Delian League Loose alliance of city-states: 200 of them Delos: island in the Aegean Sea • Athens becomes headquarters and the dominant power in Greece • Athens enters the Golden Age The Acropolis Today