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Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS • Greek philosopher • 470-380 BC • Deduced the ‘atom’ – Greek for • Everything in universe is made of Lavoisier • • Concluded a chemical reaction Proust • Law of • A given compound always has the same ratios of elements • Dalton • Atomic theory of matter • Dalton’s Postulates • Each element is • All atoms of a given element are Dalton’s Postulates • Atoms are • A given compound always How did he know? • Indirect evidence • Observations on how things reacted Scanning Tunneling Microscope • Atoms in Silicon Structure • Michael Faraday • Proved atoms contained Ben Franklin • Studied static electricity • Flew a kite in a thunderstorm • Don’t do this at home • Concluded 2 charges Charges • • • • • Positive (+) Negative (-) Like charges Opposite charges Built up • When the electrons jump to a door or person… Cathode Rays • TV • Electrons moving through a glass tube with little pressure inside. • J.J. Thompson Atomic Structure Review • Proton – • Neutron – • Electron – The Modern Day Atom • Nucleus: – – • Orbiting Nucleus: – Atomic Numbers (Z) • Equal to • NEVER CHANGES • Sum of Mass Number (A) Isotopes of the Elements • Same • Different number of Isotopes • Defined: – • Will have different mass • C-12 • C-13 Average Atomic Mass • • • • Ave Mass = No No Only Practice • What is the average atomic mass of the following element. Isotope/mass Q-54 Q-55 Q-53 Q-56 Abundance 43% 29% 17% 11% Ions of the Elements • Same number of • Has lost or gained –Contains Practice • How many electrons in