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Islam
Global Studies 9
Mrs. Hart and Mrs. Bernier
Roots of Islam: Region of Origin
• Islam was
founded on the
Arabian
Peninsula in the
Middle East in
622 A.D. by the
Prophet
Mohammad.
Roots of Islam: Founder, Prophet
Mohammed
• Mohammed was from
the city of Mecca, where
he was a merchant.
According to tradition,
the angel Gabriel
appeared to him and told
him that there was only
one god, and he was
Allah (Arabic word for
God).
Roots of Islam: The Hijra
• Mohammed’s first
convert to Islam was
his wife. Afterward he
tried to convert others,
but they became angry
with him and tried to
kill him. Mohammed
and his followers fled
from Mecca to
Medina. This journey
was called the hijra.
Roots of Islam: Mohammed’s Return
to Mecca
• In Medina, thousands of people converted to
Islam. In 630 A.D. Mohammed returned to
Mecca, destroyed the idols worshipped by
the people in the city, and worked to unite all
Arabs under Islam.
Islam Today
• Today Islam is the fastest growing religion in
the world. By 2012, experts think that it will
be the most popular religion in the world.
People who follow Islam are called Muslims.
Islam’s Teachings and Beliefs: The
Five Pillars
• All Muslims accept five basic duties known as
the Five Pillars of Islam. They are
1. There is only one god, and he is Allah.
2. Muslims must pray five times a day, facing
the city of Mecca.
Islam’s Teachings and Beliefs: The
Five Pillars
3. Muslims should give money to the poor.
4. Muslims must fast from sun-up to sun-down during
the holy month of Ramadan.
5. Muslims must try to visit Mecca, the holy
city of Islam, at least once in their life-times.
Islam’s Teachings and Beliefs: Jihad
Jihad is another belief of Islam. It means to
struggle in God’s service. Some Muslims have
interpreted this to mean “holy war” against nonMuslims.
Islamic Teachings and Beliefs: The
Mosque
• Muslims worship
in a building
called a mosque.
Five times a day,
the muezzin, a
mosque official,
give the call for
prayer.
Islam’s Sacred Writings: The Quran
The Quran is the
holy book of
Islam, containing
the sacred words
of Allah, as
revealed to
Mohammed.
Islamic Law: The Sharia
The Islamic system of law is called the Sharia. It
was developed by Muslim scholars, who
interpreted the Quran, and applied its teachings
to everyday life. It contains both civil and
criminal law.
Branches of Islam: The Sunni
After Mohammed died, divisions arose
among the followers of Islam. A branch
of Islam called the Sunni developed
because they believed that the caliph,
or successor to Mohammed, should be
chosen by the leaders of Islam.
Branches of Islam: The Shiites
Another branch of
Islam developed
because other Muslims
felt that the caliph
should be a direct
descendent of
Mohammed’s daughter
and son-in-law, Fatima
and Ali.
Branches of Islam: The Sufis
A third branch of Islam emerged with a
group called the Sufis. They were mystics
who looked to be one with Allah through
meditation, fasting, and other religious
rituals.