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The feminist movement and the family How did the social construction of gender and the relative power and privileges of men and women become a major issue in American society? (More generally, how do social issues emerge?) Sociology 1201 Social Movement DFN: Group of people organizing to promote (or sometimes resist) change in society using means that are at least partly unconventional (outside the norms) – Strategy of those who have little institutional power – Always invokes powerful opposition – High risk Sociology 1201 1st Wave of Feminism Late 19th and early 20th century Basic legal and voting rights 1920: Constitutional Amendment giving women the right to vote Sociology 1201 Second Wave of Feminism Late 1960s and early 1970s Basic contention that the sex roles idealized in the 1950s were unfair and arbitrary—a form of oppression Sociology 1201 Two distinct sources of modern feminism in the United States 1. Older professional women who founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) 2. Younger women who had been involved in the civil rights and antiVietnam War movements Sociology 1201 NOW Founded by a group that walked out of a national meeting of President Kennedy’s commissions on women Central issues – Legal rights for women, culminating in a proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution – Equal access to education and jobs: gender added to the work of the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC) Sociology 1201 Younger branch of modern feminism Consciousness-raising groups Changing personal relationships, including marriage and the family “The personal is the political.” Issues of sexual violence, battering, and harassment raised by both branches of feminism. Sociology 1201 Effects on American women’s consciousness 1962: 2/3 of women responding to Gallup poll denied every being treated unequally based on sex 1970: 50/50 1974: 2/3 reported unequal treatment Were things getting worse—or was consciousness changing? Sociology 1201 Social forces creating 2nd wave Increased labor force participation Increased education Birth control technology Smaller families and life course changes Rising divorce rates Causality in both directions. Sociology 1201 2 distinct viewpoints about family 1. 2. Women, like men, should put major energy into careers, with family involvement taking less hours (The Time Bind) Men, like women, should put major energy into family and home, accepting a reduced standard of work achievement. (Halving It All) Sociology 1201
