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ecology the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment organism a living thing habitat place where an organism lives and can find the resources it needs to survive biotic factors living parts of a habitat such as animals and plants abiotic factors non-living parts of a habitat such as water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature and soil photosynthesis food-making process for plants chlorophyll green pigment stomata holes in the leaf where carbon dioxide enters blade flat part of a leaf petiole stalk of a leaf margin outside edge of a leaf midrib central vein of a leaf population all the members of one species in a particular area limiting factor an environmental factor that causes a population to decrease (food, water, space) competition the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource predation when one organism kills another predator the organism that does the killing prey the organism that is killed producer an organism that makes its own food consumer an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms herbivore consumer that eats only plants carnivore consumer that eats only animals omnivore consumer that eats both plants and animals scavenger a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms decomposer break down wastes and dead organisms returning materials to the ecosystem food chain series of events in which one organism eats another to obtain energy food web many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem energy pyramid a diagram showing the amount of energy (10%) that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web biome areas with similar climates, plants and animals estuary where fresh water of a river meets with salt water of an ocean