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Wednesday/Thursday: February 13th/14th • Happy Valentine’s Day • History of Valentine’s Day??? • Look at Imperialism • Map Activity; Primary Document Activity • Video Warm Up: • Name two advantages of communism • Name two disadvantages of communism • Name two advantages of capitalism • Name two disadvantages of capitalism History of Valentine’s Day • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs6xesanxNM The Age of Imperialism Chapter 27 1850-1914 What is imperialism? • The seizure (takeover) of a country or territory by a stronger country What is Imperialism? • Why do Europeans do this? • Industrialization sparks the need for: • Land perfect for establishing trading and military posts • Natural resources and raw materials • New markets for products Remember this? Well, they need this Control • Europeans want to control all aspects of their colonies • Politics • Society • Economy • Culture and customs Methods of Management • Direct Control • Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people but grant no rights • Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture • Indirect Control • Limited self-rule for local governments • Legislative body includes colonial & local officials Africa Before European Domination • Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups • Followed traditional beliefs, Islam or Christianity • Nations ranged from large empires to independent villages • Africans controlled their own trade networks • Europeans only had contact on African coasts Nations Compete • Europeans wanted more land • Contained large amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber • Africa was a mystery to many • Europeans who penetrated Africa were: • Explorers – seeking wealth and notoriety • Missionaries – trying to convert Africans to Christianity • Humanitarians – “westernize” the “savages” How/Why Did It Begin? • This is Belgium This is Congo (Africa) How/Why Did It begin? • Congo River Valley Chiefs signed treaties that gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control of these lands • Leopold claimed he planned on ending the slave trade there • He licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans • The Belgian Congo is 80 times larger than Belgium • This alarms other European countries, who start claiming lands of their own all over Africa Forces Driving Imperialism • Belief in European superiority • Racism • Social Darwinism • Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa • European technological superiority • Europeans had means to control • New medicines prevent diseases Activity: • David Livingston Explores Southern Africa • Read and look at map • Answer questions directly after The Division of Africa • The Berlin Conference (1884) • Europeans leaders divide Africa • No African ruler invited • Little or no thought about the complex differences in ethnic groups • By 1914 – Only independent nations • Liberia • Ethiopia According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa? How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon? South Africa • Three Groups Clash for Power • Africans • Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British • Zulu nation lost to British in 1887 • Boers • Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s • Also known as Afrikaners • British • Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference Boer War • Fought between the Boers and the British • Many Africans fought with the Boers • First example of “total war” • British win in 1910 • Established the Union of South Africa (British Rule) Effects of European Imperialism in Africa British Imperialism in India • British Expand Control over India • East India Company • Controls India thru economic imperialism • Company uses an army including Indian soldiers known as “sepoys” • India was seen as the most important colony • Due to its production of raw materials • Known as the “Jewel in the Crown” Effects of British Rule • Impact of Colonialism • • • • • Railroads move cash crops and goods faster British control political and economic power Cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency and caused famine Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and missionaries Britain sought to “modernize” India The Sepoy Rebellion • Indians Rebel • Sepoys refuse to use cartridges due to religious reasons • They had to bite them open – greased with pork fat • Considered unclean by Muslims • Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled • British put down the rebellion • Results • Britain takes direct control of India • Increased distrust between Indians and British England’s Empire Grows THE END Imperialism Documents • BY YOURSELF! • Read the documents-analyze them • Then in complete sentences…answer the questions Guns, Germs, Steel Video • Start today….finish tomorrow