Download Chap03-04. What is Machine Intelligence, What is

Semantic Web
Towards a Web of Knowledge Chapters 3 and 4 –
Turning: What is Machine Intelligence
Berners-Lee: What is Solvable on the Web
Spring 2007
Computer Engineering Department
Sharif University of Technology
Turing contribution
• In Turing’s seminal work entitled Computing Machinery
and Intelligence more than 50 years ago, he suggested
that a computer can be called intelligent if it could deceive
a human into believing that it was human.
• His test—called the Turing test—consists of a person
asking a series of questions to both a human subject and
a machine.
• The questioning is done via a keyboard so that the
questioner has no direct interaction.
• A machine with true intelligence will pass the Turing test by
providing responses that are sufficiently human-like that
the questioner cannot determine which responder is
human.
• A scaled down version of the Turing test, known as the
Loebner Prize, requires that machines “converse” with
testers only on a limited topic in order to demonstrate their
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intelligence.
Semantic web - Computer Engineering Dept. - Spring 2007
Berners-Lee contribution
• he showed great insight in providing Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) as a simple easy-to-use Web
development language.
• As a result, it was rapidly and widely adopted.
• To produce Web information required skills that could be
learned with a high school level education.
• Consequently, personal computing merged with global
networking to produce the World Wide Web.
• The continuing evolution of the Web into a resource with
intelligent features, however, presents many new
challenges.
• The solution of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
is to provide a new Web architecture that uses additional
layers of markup languages that can directly apply logic.
Semantic web - Computer Engineering Dept. - Spring 2007
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