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Review of 1206 Physical or chemical? Page 6 #1 Page 9 #4 8:12 PM Qualitative or quantitative? Page 8:12 PM 6 #2, 3 The atom Subatomic particle Charge Symbol Mass (in g) Radius (in m) electron 1- e- 9.02x10-28 Smaller than 10-18 proton 1+ p+ 1.67x10-24 10-15 neutron 0 n0 1.67x10-24 10-15 8:12 PM The nucleus of an atom Atomic number (Z): # protons Mass number (A): # protons + neutrons Atomic symbol (X): element symbol A X Z 8:12 PM The nucleus of an atom Page 14 # 5 8:12 PM The periodic table Page 16 fig 1.10 Page 17 #6 8:12 PM The periodic table Energy levels – orbits Valence electrons Periodic trends 8:12 PM The periodic table Page 20, #7 Page 20-21 review #1-4, 6 8:12 PM Types of Compounds A. Molecular compounds B. Ionic Compounds C. Acids 8:12 PM Types of Compounds A. Molecular Compounds - composed of two or more nonmetals eg. CF4 C6H12O6 P4 8:12 PM Types of Compounds B. Ionic Compounds - composed of a cation and an anion (usually metal and nonmetal) eg. NaCl Mg3N2 8:12 PM Cations + 8:12 PM anions 8:12 PM re eg a t i v e Types of Compounds C. Acids - acids are hydrogen compounds that are dissolved in water eg. HF(aq) H2SO4(aq) 8:12 PM aqueous Naming & Formulas A. Molecular Compounds Diatomic: Help Our Needy Class Find Brains Immediately. Left on PT first last element ends in - ide prefixes indicate the number of each atom in binary molecular compounds 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Prefixes for binary compounds Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas eg. N3H5 disulfur octahydride 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Page 24 #9-10 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas B. Ionic Compounds 1. simple ions 2. multivalent metals 3. polyatomic ions 4. hydrates 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas 1. Simple Ions (only one possible charge) - Cross Over Method - Reduce to lowest terms eg. calcium chloride sodium nitride magnesium sulfide K2O BeF2 8:12 PM ‘CrossOver’ Method magnesium ion Mg 3- 2+ N Mg3N2 8:12 PM nitride ion Cancel Charges (LCM) Mg 2+ 3- N x3 x2 6+ 6- Mg3N2 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Page 26 #13-16 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas 2. Multivalent Ions - Stock system (Roman numerals) - Classical system -ic indicates bigger charge -ous indicates smaller charge - reduce to lowest terms 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas eg. lead (II) chloride NiCl3 lead (IV) chloride CuO lead (IV) nitride lead (IV) sulfide 8:12 PM Cu2O Naming & Formulas Page 28 #17-20 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas 3. Polyatomic Ions - a group of atoms with a charge - cross over method / lowest terms - BRACKETS eg. calcium hydroxide ammonium sulfate PbSO4 Sn3(PO4)4 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Common Polyatomic Ions -Ammonium NH4+ -Hydroxide OH-Carbonate CO32-Nitrate NO3-Sulfate SO42-Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3-Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4-Phosphate PO438:12 PM Naming & Formulas 4. Hydrates - water mixed in with the ions - heating removes the water to make an anhydrous (dry) compound - use prefixes to indicate ratio of water to ions eg. CuSO4• 5 H2O copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate lithium chloride dihydrate 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas C. Acids - acids form when hydrogen compounds are dissolved in water - the subscript (aq) is used to indicate aqueous or dissolved in water - 3 rules for naming acids 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Ionic name hydrogen ___ide hydrogen ___ate hydrogen ___ite 8:12 PM Acid name hydro___ic acid ______ic acid ______ous acid Naming & Formulas Writing Acid Names - write the ionic name for the hydrogen compound - apply the correct rule for the acid name eg. HCl(aq) hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas eg. HCl(aq) hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid eg. HClO3(aq) hydrogen chlorate chloric acid eg. HClO2(aq) hydrogen chlorite chlorous acid 8:12 PM Naming & Formulas Writing Acid Formulas - use the correct rule to write the ionic name - use ion charges to write the formula eg. bromic acid 8:12 PM hydrogen bromate H+ BrO3 HBrO3(aq) Naming & Formulas hydrobromic acid hydrogen bromide H+ Br HBr(aq) 8:12 PM Practice: Write the formulas for: calcium phosphide magnesium sulfide aluminum phosphide potassium oxide 8:12 PM Write names for: Li3N MgO BeF2 Al2S3 CF4 MultiValent Compounds FeO iron oxide iron (III)oxide iron (II) oxide 8:12 PM Reaction Types 1. Simple Composition (Synthesis) Element + Element Compound eg. H2 + O2 H2O 8:12 PM Reaction Types 2. Simple Decomposition Compound Element + Element eg. K2O K + O2 8:12 PM Reaction Types 3. Single Displacement Compound + Element Compound + Element eg. Cu + Cl2 8:12 PM AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + + NaF F2 + NaCl Ag copper wire is immersed in a silver nitrate solution 8:12 PM Solutions of potassium iodide and lead(II) nitrate are mixed. Potassium + lead(II) → iodide nitrate 8:12 PM Reaction Types 4. Double Displacement Compound + Compound Compound + Compound eg. Pb(NO3)2 + 8:12 PM KBr KNO3 + PbBr2 Reaction Types 5. Hydrocarbon Combustion CxHy + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) eg. C3H8(g) + 8:12 PM O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) Predicting Products Write the name for the products in each of the following. 8:12 PM Predicting Products Write the formula(s) for the products in each of the following. 8:12 PM Mg + O2 → MgO AlCl3 + CaI2 → AlI3 + CaCl2 8:12 PM