Download AP Chem Topic #2 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules In

AP Chem Topic #2
Atoms, Ions, and Molecules In-Class Notes Sample Exercises WS
Name: _______________________________________________
Date: ________________
Per#: ___
Sample Exercise 2.1 – Illustrating the Law of Multiple Proportions
The following data were collected for several compounds of nitrogen and oxygen.
Mass of N combining with 1g of O
Compound A
1.759g
Compound B
0.8750
Compound C
0.4375
Show how these data illustrate the law of multiple proportions
Sample Exercise 2.2 – Writing the Symbols for Atoms
Write the chemical symbol for an element with atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19? How many
electrons and neutrons?
Sample Exercise 2.3 – Naming Type I Binary Compounds
a) CsF
b) AlCl3
c) LiH
Sample Exercise 2.4 – Naming Type II Binary Compounds
a) CuCl
b) HgO
c) Fe2O3
d) MnO2
e) PbCl2
Sample Exercise 2.5 – Naming Binary Compounds
a) CoBr2
b) CaCl2
c) Al2O3
d) CrCl3
Sample Exercise 2.6 – Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Compounds
a) Na2SO4
b) KH2PO4
c) Fe(NO3)3 d) Mn(OH)2 e) Na2 SO3
f) Na2CO3
g) NaHCO3 h) CsClO4
i) NaOCl
j) Na2SeO4
k) KBrO3
Sample Exercise 2.7 – Naming Type III Binary Compounds
a) PCl5
b) PCl3
c) SF6
d) SO3
e) SO2
f) CO2
Sample Exercise 2.8 – Naming Various Types of Compounds
a) P4O10
b) Nb2O5
c) Li2O2
d) Ti(NO3)4
Sample Exercise 2.9 – Writing Compound Formulas from Names
a) vanadium (V) fluoride b) dioxygen difluoride c) rubidium peroxide d) gallium (III) oxide
Sample Exercise 2.10 – Writing Names of Acids
Name the following acids.
a) HBr(aq)
b) HClO3(aq) c) H2SO4(aq) d) H3PO3(aq) e) HNO3(aq) f) HClO4(aq)
g) H2SO3(aq) h) HCN(aq) i) H3PO4(aq) j) HNO2(aq) k) HI(aq)
l) HC2H3O2(aq)
Sample Exercise 2.11 – Writing Formulas of Acids
Determine the formulas for the following acids.
a) hydrofluoric acid b) hypochlorous acid c) phosphoric acid d) sulfurous acid
e) nitrous acid
f) hydrobromic acid g) chlorous acid
h) hydrosulfuric acid
1
Questions:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) In a series of experiments, a chemist prepared three different compounds that contain only iodine and
fluorine and determined the mass of each element in each compound. a) Calculate the mass of fluorine per
gram of iodine in each compound. (b) How do the numbers in part (a) support the atomic theory?
(2) A charged particle is caused to move between two electrically charged plates. (a) Why does the path of the
charged particle bend? (b) What is the sign of the electrical charge on the particle? (c) As the charge on the
plates is increased, would you expect the bending to increase, decrease, or stay the same? (d) As the mass of
the particle is increased while the speed of the particles remains the same, would you expect the bending to
increase, decrease, or stay the same?
(3) Millikan determined the charge on the electron by studying the static charges on oil drops falling in an
electric field. A student carried out this experiment using several oil drops for her measurements and
calculated the charges on the drops. She obtained the following data: (a) What is the significance of the fact
that the droplets carried different charges? (b) What conclusion can the student draw from these data
regarding the charge of the electron? (c) What value (and to how many significant figures) should she report
for the electronic charge?
(4)
(4) Does the drawing represent a neutral atom or an ion? Write its complete chemical symbol including mass
number, atomic number, and net charge (if any).
(5) Fill in the gaps in the table, assuming each column represents a neutral atom.
2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Four of the boxes in the following periodic table are colored. Which of these are metals and which are
nonmetals? Which one is an alkaline earth metal? Which one is a noble gas?
Write the chemical formula for the compound. Is the compound ionic or molecular? Name the compound.
Five of the boxes in the following periodic table are colored. Predict the charge on the ion associated with
each of these elements.
The following diagram represents an ionic compound in which the red spheres represent cations and blue
spheres represent anions. Which of the following formulas is consistent with the drawing: KBr, K2SO4,
Ca(NO3)2, Fe2(SO4)3? Name the compound.
(10)
(11)
(9)
Write the molecular and structural formulas for the compounds represented by the molecular models
shown.
(10)
Write the molecular and structural formulas for the compounds represented by the models shown.
(11)
(12) From the molecular structures shown here, identify the one that corresponds to each of the following
species: (a) chlorine gas; (b) propane, (c) nitrate ion; (d) sulfur trioxide; (e) methyl chloride, CH3Cl.
(13)
(12)
Complete the table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of cations and
anions, as shown for the first pair.
3