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Training Manual on Wildlife Diseases and Surveillance In Zimbabwe, the principal source of infection for people is domestic dogs, but jackals also are an important source of infection for people. There appear to be three different potential reservoirs for rabies with respect to people in Zimbabwe: Figure A â here, dogs are the only maintenance host but virus also is transmitted to jackals and perhaps other wild carnivores. The jackals and the other wild carnivore populations are not themselves able to maintain the virus but, by transmission of virus from dogs to other wild carnivores and other wild carnivores to jackals, all are part of the reservoir of rabies for people. . Figure C - is the same as A, except that other wild carnivores do not play any role in the reservoir of rabies for people. Figure B - indicates that both dogs and jackals are maintenance hosts; each is able to maintain rabies virus within their populations independently, and each is an independent source of rabies for people. Knowing which of these three possible depictions of the reservoir of rabies virus for people really is true has very important implications for preventing rabies in people. If either A or C is the true situation, vaccination of domestic dogs alone will control rabies infection in people. If Figure B is correct, vaccination of domestic dogs will not completely prevent rabies in people. An effective control programme would have to include control of rabies in jackals as well as in domestic dogs. A correct understanding of pathogen reservoirs often is central to management of disease in the target population, especially for pathogens that occur in wild animals and can affect people or domestic animals. 22