Download Biology SOL REVIEW

Biology SOL REVIEW
Review Questions Set 1
Question 1
• Once ____ was shown to be the genetic
material, a race among scientists took place
to work out its structure.
A-1
• DNA
Q-2
• Studies of the amounts of each DNA base in
different organisms led to the concept of
________________________base-pairing.
A-2
• Complementary
Q3
• Interpretations of X-ray photographs of DNA
were used to describe the shape and
dimensions of the DNA molecule. An analysis
of this and other available data led to a
structural model for the DNA which is
described as a _____________ ____________
A4
• Double Helix
Q5
• What technologies made possible the
observation and description of living things
and organisms?
A5
• Magnifying lenses and the light microscope
Q6
• The ___________ _____________ states that
all living things are made up of cells and that
cells come from other cells by the process of
reproduction.
A7
• Cell Theory
Q8
• Who’s experimentation and hypotheses led
to an understanding of the presence of
microorganisms and their relationship to
diseases?
A8
• Pastuer & Koch
Q9
• T or F- “The introduction of the germ theory
led to the understanding that many diseases
are caused by Microorganisms.”
A9
• TRUE
Q10
• What has resulted from the acceptance of
the germ theory of disease?
A 10
• Changes in health practices - the emphasize
sanitation, the safe handling of food and
water, aseptic techniques to keep germs out
of the body, and the development of
vaccinations and other chemicals and
processes to destroy microorganisms.
Q 11
• About how much of the mass of a cell is
made up of water?
A 11
• About 2/3 (or 66%)
Q 12
• T or F- “Water molecules are both
_adhesive__ and _cohesive__ due to the
nature of bonding.”
A 12
• True
Q 13
• Water is able to absorb large amounts of
_____ .
A 13
• HEAT
Q 14
• What are two kinds of bonding that occur
with water?
A 14
• polar covalent and hydrogen bonding
Q 15
• T or F: “Because water is able to absorb large
amounts of heat, lakes and oceans stabalize
air and land temperatures.”
A 15
• TRUE
Q 16
• Why don't lakes and oceans freeze solid?
A 16
• The solid form of water, ice, floats,
preventing lakes and oceans from freezing
solid.
Q 17
• The water inside and outside of cells is able
to carry ____ into and around cells and ____
away from cells.
A 17
• Nutrients; Wastes
Q 18
The pH scale ranges from ______ to _______.
A 18
• 0 to 14.
Q 19
• Substances added to water can lower or raise
the pH. A solution with a pH below 7 is _____
.
A 19
• Acidic
Q 20
• A solution with a pH above 7 is _____ .
A 20
• Basic
Q 21
• T or F: “Most organisms can tolerate fairly
large changes in pH because every cells easily
adapt to pH changes.”
A 21
• FALSE- (Organisms can tolerate only small
changes in pH because every cell has a
particular pH at which it functions best).
Q 22
• Organisms can tolerate only small changes in
pH because changes in pH cause changes in
_______ conformation, resulting in a change
in activity.
A 22
• Enzyme
Q 23
• The process of ______ provides a vital
connection between the sun and the energy
needs of living systems.
A 23
• Photosynthesis
Q 24
• Plant cells and many microorganisms use
solar energy to combine molecules of ______
and ______ into complex, energy-rich organic
compounds.
A 24
• Carbon dioxide; water
Q 25
• _____ and _____ are complementary
processes for cycling carbon dioxide and
oxygen as well as transferring energy in
ecosystems.
A 25
• Photosynthesis & Cellular respiration
Q 26
• During photosynthesis, cells use the pigment
____________ to trap energy from sunlight.
A 26
• CHLOROPHYLL
Q 27
• During photosynthesis plants use carbon
dioxide and water to produce ____________
and ____________.
A 27
• Oxygen & Glucose (sugars)
Q 28
• During cellular respiration, eukaryotic cells
“burn” organic molecules (sugars) with
oxygen, which produces energy in the form of
___A______, as well as giving off
______B_______ & ____C______ (which are
used by plants during photosynthesis)
A 28
• A- ATP energy
• B & C- Carbon Dioxide & Water
Q 29
• ______ is the initial source of energy for most
communities.
A 29
• Sunlight
Q 30
• Photosynthesis involves an energy conversion
in which __A___ energy is converted to
__B__ energy in specialized cells.
A 30
• A) Light
• B) Chemical
Q 31
• Organisms which can make their own food are
called _________________.
A 31
• Autotrophs
Q 32
• Cells release the chemical energy stored in
the products of photosynthesis. This energy
is transported within the cell in the form of
______.
A 32
• ATP
Q 33
• When cells need energy to do work, certain
_____ release the energy stored in the
chemical bonds in ATP.
A 33
• enzymes
Q 34
• The simplest life forms exhibiting cellular
structure are the
• A) Eukaryotes
• B) Prokaryotes
• C) Fungi
• D) Protists
A 34
• B) Prokaryotes
Q 35
•
•
•
•
•
Earth’s first cells were _________________.
A) Protists
B) Fungi
C) Prokaryotes
D) Eukaryotes
A 35
• C) Prokaryotes
Q 36
• Prokaryotic cells exist in two major forms
what are they?
• A) Cyanobacteria & Probacteria
• B) eubacteria and archaebacteria
• C) Probacteria & eubacteria
• D) Cyanobacteria & Archaebacteria
• E) None of the above
A 36
• B) eubacteria and archaebacteria
Q 37
• ______ arose from prokaryotes and
developed into larger more complex
organisms, from single-celled protists to
multi-cellular fungi, plants, and animals.
A 37
• Eukaryotes
Q 38
•
•
•
•
•
The Earth’s most abundant inhabitants are A) Eukaryotes
B) Mammals
C) Prokaryotes
D) Fungi
A 38
• C) Prokaryotes
Q 39
• T or F:
“Prokaryotes can survive in a wide range of
environments and obtain energy in a variety
of ways.”
A 39
• TRUE
Q 40
• T or F: “The genetic material in prokaryotes is
surrounded by a nuclear membrane.”
A 40
• FALSE- only eukaryotes have a nucleus &
nuclear membrane.
Q 41
• Are mitochondria found in prokaryotes,
eukaryotes, or both?
A 41
• Eukaryotes
Q 42
• ______A____ cells typically have one large
central vacuole, whereas ___B_____ cells
have several smaller vacuoles.
A 42
• A) Plant – one large vacuole
• B) Animal- several smaller vacuoles
Q 43
• T or F: “Both Plant cells and Animal cells have
a cell membrane.”
A 43
• TRUE
Q 44
In which of the following would you find a cell
wall?
A) Plant cells
B) Bacterial Cells
C) Animal Cells
D) All of the above
E) A & B, but not C
A 44
E) A & B, but not C
Q 45
• _____ are the basic units of structure and
function of all living things.
A 45
• Cells
Q 46
• Before a cell divides, the instructions are
_____________ so that each of the two new
cells gets all the necessary information for
carrying on life functions.
A 46
• Duplicated (copied)
Q 47
• List the 4 bases found in a DNA Nucleotide.
• (tell both the word and the letter abbrviation)
A 47
•
•
•
•
adenine (A),
thymine (T),
cytosine (C),
guanine (G)
Q 48
•
•
•
•
•
DNA is a _____-______ molecule.
A) Single- Stranded
B) Double-Stranded
C) Triple-Standed
D) Poly-Stranded
A 48
• B) Double-Stranded
Q 49
• What are the complementary base pairs in a
DNA molecule (meaning bases pair together).
– You may give the names OR the letters.
A 49
• complementary nucleotide pairs
• (A-T- Adenine & Thymine
• and C-G – Cytosine & Guanine)
Q 50
• The ladder (DNA strands) twists to form a
_____ ____ .
A 50
• Double Helix