Download ANCIENT GREECE NOTES_PT2

ANCIENT GREECE NOTES (Part 2)
The Persian Wars (490 – 479 BC
• Greeks in _____________ rebel against Persian rule, ask for help from other ________________
– Persian emperor _________________ decides to get revenge on the Greeks
• First Persian Invasion – 490 BC
– Battle at _______________________ – Athenians attack the Persians while they are unloading
and the Persians _____________________
– An Athenian messenger runs _________ miles from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory
• He _________________ after delivering the message
• Darius is furious over the humiliating defeat and starts to plan another _______________________
– However he dies and his son _________________ vows to get revenge for his father
• Second Persian Invasion – 480 BC
– Battle at _________________________
• Greeks are afraid they won’t have enough time to ______________________
• A group of 300 ___________________ decide to hold off the entire Persian army at the
mountain pass of Thermopylae
• Are ______________________ for several days until a local shows the Persians an
alternate path through the mountain and they ____________ all the Spartans
– The Persians advance and burn _____________________
• Need the Persian _______________ to bring additional supplies
– Battle of _____________________
• An Athenian navy commander lures the Persian navy into the _________ Strait of
Salamis
• Persian ships were very large and could not _______________________ well
• Xerxes watches from a throne on the shore as his navy is _______________________
– The Persian army is now ____________________ in Greece with few supplies
– In 479 BC a large Greek army led by the might of _________ crushes the Persians, ending the
war
The Golden Age of Athens
• Athens and Sparta became the two most ___________________ city-states as leaders in the Persian
Wars
– Sparta not ____________________, Athens becomes the ____________________ city-state
• Dozens of Greek city-states banded together for _______________________
– This ___________________ was to be a league of equals
– Athens, as the largest and richest, ended up ________________________ the entire alliance
– Became known as the __________________ League
• As the League’s leader, Athens controlled its ships and ________________
– Would not allow unhappy members to ________________
– Would __________________ rebelling members with the League fleet
– The League more or less turned into an Athenian ____________________
• Used League funds to _________________ Athens
– Built the ___________________ = a grand temple dedicated to the goddess
_________________
• __________________ brought much wealth to Athens
– Athens at the time was the heart of Greek _____________________
• Greatest rival was ____________________
– Had its own allied city-states = ________________________ League
– Athens ______________ the military might of Sparta and allies
– Sparta fears that the Athenian _____________ would stop Sparta from trading
– This mutual fear led to Sparta and Athens declaring _____________ in 431 BC
–
The Peloponnesian War
• War between __________________ and ____________________
– Sparta and allies dominate the ___________________
– Athens and allies dominate the ________________
• Spartans ______________________ Athens hoping for an open battle
– Athens __________________ any battles on land
– Knowing they can’t compete in open battle, they ______________ behind their city walls,
relying on _________________________ from their navy and colonies
• In 430 BC a terrible _________________ breaks out in Athens, killing a third of the
people
• 421 ____________, war breaks out six years later when Athens attacks one of Sparta’s _____________
• This time Sparta destroys the Athenian _____________ and Athens ______________________
– The walls of Athens are ______________ down and the Empire destroyed
• Costs of the war
– ___________________ major Greek city-states
• Athens nearly ____________________, Sparta exhausted as well
– Sparta tries to act as Greece’s ________________________ power
• Lost too many resources, defeated by _________________ who also can’t maintain
control
– Struggle for power in Greece led to a long cycle of warfare that left all of Greece
______________
– Ignored the growing power of _________________________ to the north
********This will set the stage for the powerful kingdom of Macedonia to conquer all of Greece********
The Persian Wars Review Questions
1. According to the notes which Persian invasion does the movie 300 take place?
2. What was the name of the battle?
3. What were the 300 Spartans trying to do? (What was their goal?)
4. What was the end result of the battle?
5. What was the end result of this Persian invasion?
6. How might the actions of these 300 Spartans have influenced other Greeks?