Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
9-1 Chemical Pathways Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Monday 11/13/12 - Chapter 9 Draw and picture of the mitochondria. Label the inner membrane and matrix DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: • CELLULAR RESPIRATION • AEROBIC RESPIRATION • ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION ACTIVITY: Each student will get 7 index cards. *Write the following information on each of the cards. CARD 1. C6H12O6 CARD 5. ENERGY (ATP) CARD 2. 6O2 CARD 6. ENERGY (SUNLIGHT) CARD 3. 6CO2 CARD 7. CARD 4. 6H2O *DIRECTIONS FOLLOWING SLIDE Slide 1 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Comparing Directions 1. 2. 3. Place your cards in the proper order to show the balanced equation for photosynthesis Rearrange your cards to show the balanced equation for cellular respiration Check with your desk partner to verify you are both correct. Draw both equations on your paper. Answer the following questions:(same paper) 1. How are the two equations similar? 2. Identify two differences. Slide 2 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Overview of Cellular Respiration NOTES: Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Slide 3 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Overview of Cellular Respiration The equation for cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy NOTES: Cells don't “burn” glucose. Instead, they gradually release the energy from glucose and other food compounds. This process begins with a pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis releases a small amount of energy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ&feature=related Slide 4 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Intermembrane space Mitochondrion Outer membrane Inner membrane Matrix Slide 5 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Comparing photosynthesis to cellular respiration 7/2/12 Activity: Complete the comparison chart. You may use your textbook - Chapters 8 & 9. Slide 6 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways LITERACY - TUESDAY 7/3/12 READ THE ARTICLE, “IS IT BAD TO SKIP BREAKFAST?” ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. SUMMARIZE THE ARTICLE IN THREE TO FOUR SENTENCES…WHAT IS IT ABOUT? 2. BASED ON WHAT YOU READ, SHOULD YOU EAT BREAKFAST EVERY DAY? 3. WHY? 4. HOW DOES THE ARTICLE RELATE TO CELLULAR REPSIRATION? Slide 7 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Slide 8 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways review It should! Reverse it and you have the photosynthesis equation! Let’s look again. The equation for cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy and the equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Can you find any similarities between these two equations? Any relationships????? Well???? Slide 9 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Stages WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF THREE CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND WHERE IN THE CELL DO THEY OCCUR? (Write them in the order they occur from first to last). Slide 10 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Stages and location 1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm 2. Krebs cycle - mitochondrial matrix 3. Electron transport chain - inner membrane of the mitochondria Slide 11 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Overview of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and electron transport take place in the mitochondria. Cytoplasm Glycolysis Mitochondrion Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 12 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Overview of Cellular Respiration DRAW AND LABELTHE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Slide 13 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Glycolysis Glycolysis: the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound. During glycolysis, 4 ATP molecules are produced, two are used up, with a NET of 2 ATP molecules Slide 14 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways ATP WHAT IS ATP? - review from Chapter 8 1. WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF ATP? 2. WHAT HAPPENS TO ATP TO RELEASE ENERGY? (HINT - HOW DOES IT CHANGE AND WHAT DOES IT CHANGE INTO?) ACTIVITY: ATP 2-D MODEL USING THREE DIFFERENT COLORS OF CONSTRUCTION PARER AND YOUR TEXTBOOK, DRAW A TEMPLATE, CUT OUT YOUR TEMPLATE, AND PASTE YOUR TEMPLATE INTO YOUR NOTES. LABEL THE THREE PARTS OF ATP. Slide 15 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Glycolysis ATP Production At the beginning of glycolysis, the cell uses up 2 molecules of ATP to start the reaction. 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid Slide 16 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Glycolysis Each NAD+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and becomes an NADH molecule. A total of 6 NADH molecules are produced are produced for each glucose molecule. (page 225) 2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP Glucose 2NAD+ Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain Slide 17 of 39 9-1 Chemical Pathways Glycolysis The Advantages of Glycolysis The process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few milliseconds. Glycolysis does not require oxygen. Both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle must occur two times per glucose molecule. Slide 18 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation Fermentation - what is the difference between cellular respiration and fermentation? When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by a different pathway. The combined process of this pathway and glycolysis is called fermentation. Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation does not require oxygen—it is an anaerobic process. Slide 19 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by a different pathway. The combined process of this pathway and glycolysis is called fermentation. Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation does not require oxygen—it is an anaerobic process. Slide 20 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation The two main types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Slide 21 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation, forming ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as wastes. The equation for alcoholic fermentation after glycolysis is: pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Slide 22 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation In many cells, pyruvic acid that accumulates as a result of glycolysis can be converted to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. It regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. Slide 23 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Fermentation The second part shows the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. MINI LAB - lactic acid fermentation Slide 24 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall