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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Monday 11/13/12 - Chapter 9
Draw and picture of the mitochondria. Label the inner
membrane and matrix
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
ACTIVITY: Each student will get 7 index cards.
*Write the following information on each of the cards.
CARD 1. C6H12O6
CARD 5. ENERGY (ATP)
CARD 2. 6O2
CARD 6. ENERGY (SUNLIGHT)
CARD 3. 6CO2
CARD 7.
CARD 4. 6H2O
*DIRECTIONS FOLLOWING SLIDE
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Comparing
Directions
1.
2.
3.
Place your cards in the proper order to show the
balanced equation for photosynthesis
Rearrange your cards to show the balanced
equation for cellular respiration
Check with your desk partner to verify you are both
correct. Draw both equations on your paper.
Answer the following questions:(same paper)
1.
How are the two equations similar?
2.
Identify two differences.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Overview of Cellular Respiration
NOTES:
Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the
presence of oxygen.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Overview of Cellular Respiration
The equation for cellular respiration is:
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy
NOTES:
Cells don't “burn” glucose. Instead, they gradually release
the energy from glucose and other food compounds.
This process begins with a pathway called glycolysis.
Glycolysis releases a small amount of energy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ&feature=related
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of
cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Intermembrane
space
Mitochondrion
Outer membrane
Inner
membrane
Matrix
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Comparing photosynthesis to
cellular respiration
7/2/12
Activity: Complete the comparison chart.
You may use your textbook - Chapters 8
& 9.
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LITERACY - TUESDAY 7/3/12
READ THE ARTICLE, “IS IT BAD TO SKIP BREAKFAST?”
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. SUMMARIZE THE ARTICLE IN THREE TO FOUR
SENTENCES…WHAT IS IT ABOUT?
2. BASED ON WHAT YOU READ, SHOULD YOU EAT
BREAKFAST EVERY DAY?
3. WHY?
4. HOW DOES THE ARTICLE RELATE TO CELLULAR
REPSIRATION?
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
review
It should! Reverse it and you have the
photosynthesis equation! Let’s look again.
The equation for cellular respiration is:
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
and the equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
Can you find any similarities between these
two equations? Any relationships?????
Well????
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Stages
WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF THREE
CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND WHERE IN THE
CELL DO THEY OCCUR? (Write them in the
order they occur from first to last).
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Stages and location
1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm
2. Krebs cycle - mitochondrial matrix
3. Electron transport chain - inner
membrane of the mitochondria
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Krebs
cycle and electron transport take place in the
mitochondria.
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Mitochondrion
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Overview of Cellular Respiration
DRAW AND LABELTHE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried
in NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Glycolysis
Glycolysis: the process in which one molecule of
glucose is broken in half, producing two
molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
During glycolysis, 4 ATP molecules are produced,
two are used up, with a NET of 2 ATP molecules
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ATP
WHAT IS ATP? - review from Chapter 8
1. WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF ATP?
2. WHAT HAPPENS TO ATP TO RELEASE ENERGY?
(HINT - HOW DOES IT CHANGE AND WHAT DOES IT
CHANGE INTO?)
ACTIVITY: ATP 2-D MODEL
USING THREE DIFFERENT COLORS OF
CONSTRUCTION PARER AND YOUR TEXTBOOK,
DRAW A TEMPLATE, CUT OUT YOUR TEMPLATE, AND
PASTE YOUR TEMPLATE INTO YOUR NOTES. LABEL
THE THREE PARTS OF ATP.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Glycolysis
ATP Production
At the beginning of glycolysis, the cell uses up 2
molecules of ATP to start the reaction.
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ADP
4 ATP
Glucose
2 Pyruvic
acid
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Glycolysis
Each NAD+ accepts a pair of high-energy electrons
and becomes an NADH molecule. A total of 6
NADH molecules are produced are produced
for each glucose molecule. (page 225)
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ADP
4 ATP
Glucose
2NAD+
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2
2 Pyruvic
acid
To the electron
transport chain
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Glycolysis
The Advantages of Glycolysis
The process of glycolysis is so fast that cells can
produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few
milliseconds.
Glycolysis does not require oxygen.
Both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle must occur
two times per glucose molecule.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Fermentation
Fermentation - what is the difference between
cellular respiration and fermentation?
When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by a
different pathway. The combined process of this pathway
and glycolysis is called fermentation.
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by
producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Fermentation does not require oxygen—it is an anaerobic
process.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Fermentation
When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by a
different pathway. The combined process of this pathway
and glycolysis is called fermentation.
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by
producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Fermentation does not require oxygen—it is an anaerobic
process.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Fermentation
The two main types of fermentation are
lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic
fermentation.
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9-1 Chemical Pathways
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use
alcoholic fermentation, forming ethyl alcohol and
carbon dioxide as wastes.
The equation for alcoholic fermentation after
glycolysis is:
pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
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Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
In many cells, pyruvic acid that accumulates as a
result of glycolysis can be converted to lactic acid.
This type of fermentation is called lactic acid
fermentation. It regenerates NAD+ so that
glycolysis can continue.
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Fermentation
The second part shows the conversion of pyruvic
acid to lactic acid.
MINI LAB - lactic acid fermentation
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