Download European Middle Ages 500-1200

European Middle Ages
500-1200
Chapter 13
Section 1:Charlemagne
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Middle Ages or
Medieval period 5001500: after fall of Rome,
Europe remained
fragmented
Disruption in trade,
downfall of cities, and
population shifts
Germanic invaders who
stormed Rome were not
well educated and the
level of learning sank
No written language
As Germans began to
mix with the Romans
language changed
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Dialects popped up and
various languages
appeared like French
and Spanish
 Germanic kingdoms
rose in place of the
Roman Empire
 Church was the
institution that was able
to withstand the break
up of Rome
 Concept of government
changed-loyal to family
and community.
Warriors loyal to leaders
they respected
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Charlemagne
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In Gaul the Franks
emerged under their
leader, Clovis
Clovis adopted
Christianity due to God
helping him in battle
By 600 the Church and
Frankish rulers helped
to convert many
Germanic peoples
Church created
religious communities,
monasteries, for rural
areas
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Monks gave up all
worldly possessions
and became servants of
God
Under Pope Gregory I
(590) the papacy
expanded its powers
over secular or worldly
matters, including
politics
He used the Church’s
money to raise armies,
repair roads, and help
the poor
All western and central
Europe fell under the
Pope’s control and
authority
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Charlemagne
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Europe fell into small
kingdoms after the fall
of the Roman Empire
The strongest was in
the area of Gaul under
the leadership of Clovis
(Franks)
Clovis expanded his
territory to encompass
all of modern France
and strengthened his
family line
(Merovingian)
700 Mayor of the
Palace-ruler of the
kingdom
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Charles Martel
(Hammer) was Mayor
and held more power
than the king.
He expanded the empire
and defeated the
Muslims at the Battles of
Tours in 732 –this kept
Europe Christian!
Muslims had been
invaded via Spain
Next ruler, Charles’ son,
Pepin the Short. In order
to become strong, Pepin
aligned himself with the
Pope. He fought against
the Lombards and the
Pope was happy-”king by
the grace of God”
became the Carolingian
Dynasty
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Charlemagne
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Pepin died and left the
Frankish empire to his
sons (Carloman and
Charles). Charles
inherited the throne after
Carloman died. He
became Charlemagne
 Charlemagne was 6’4”
 He built an empire greater
than anything since
Rome: Italy, France,
Spain, and Germany
 Pope Leo III granted
Charlemagne the title of
emperor for fighting off
unruly mobs in Rome
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This united Germanic
kings and the Church
He limited the authority of
the nobles and
strengthened his powers
He traveled throughout his
empire
He encouraged learning
and opened a palace
school for his many
children
814 his son, Louis the
Pious became emperorhe was an ineffective ruler
and concerned more with
religion
Pious’ 3 sons fought each
other for the empire. It
was split into 3 kingdoms
after the civil war in the
Treaty of Verdun in 843
Section 2: Feudalism
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The destabilization that
the civil war caused
brought Europe into
new political turmoil and
led to the development
of feudalism
Feudalism is a political
system based on land
ownership and personal
loyalty
At this weakened state
Europe was then
attacked by invaders:
Vikings, Magyars, and
Muslims
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Vikings(Norsemen)
sailed from Scandinavia
to Europe down
waterways to raid
villages and towns
They carried out these
raids with terrifying
speed and by the time
local troop arrived the
Vikings were long gone
Viking warships allowed
for these raids…could
hold as many as 300
warriors
They looted villages
and monasteries, were
Section 2: Feudalism
 Following the Viking
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Vikings were also
known to go as far as
Russia on raids
They are also created
with reaching the
Americas
Vikings gradually began
to accept Christianity
and as this happened
the raids decreased
Climate warming
combined with this to
allow for increased
farming in Scandinavia
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decline a new group
from the east began
assaulting Europe…the
Magyars
Magyars did not settle
conquered lands
instead sold the
conquered people into
slavery
At the same time
Muslims attacked from
the south
These invasions caused
disruption of trade,
political disorder, and
suffering
Section 2: Feudalism
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These attacks led to the
development of a new
political system called
feudalism-power was
based on land
ownership and loyalty
Lord
gives
King
Church/ clergy
nobles
knights
land
vassal
Loyalty and military
service
Peasants/ serfs
Section 3: Chivalry
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During Middle Ages,
nobles fought one
another, keeping
Europe fragmented for
centuries
 Through warfare feudal
lords defended their
estates, seized new
territories, and
increased their wealth
 Role of the warrior was
very prized in this
society
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Knights had a code of
chivalry: a complex set
of ideals, demanded
that a knight fight
bravely in defense of
three masters: feudal
lord, the Lord, and his
chosen lady
Knights fought bravely
in tournaments to show
their training and
hopefully pick up lands
Page: at age of 7
starts training
Squire-age of 14
Knight-age 21
Siege Weapons
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To look at siege
weapons click on the
following link:
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nov
a/lostempires/trebuchet/race.
html
Click below to play destroy
the medieval castle!!!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nov
a/lostempires/trebuchet/destr
oywave.html
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Troubadours would
travel around Europe
and play for moneywhat people did for fun!
Women had increasing
power because they
could inherit land from
their husbands and rule
in his place while he
was gone
Section 4: The Church
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Amid weak
governments and feudal
states stood the
Church-the most
powerful institution
During this time the
powers of the Church
were growing
Accordingly the
emperor or kings should
submit to the powers of
the pope/ Church
Many clashes over
powers between the
state and Church
emerged
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Structure of the
Church similar to
that of society
during this time
Pope
Bishops
priests
Section 4: The Church
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During the state of
constant warfare the
Church provided
stability and leadership
for medieval society
Religious officials
provided the
sacraments or
important religious
ceremonies that paved
the way for salvation
Religion became the
social center
The Church also had
laws-canon law-in areas
such as marriage and
religion
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Popes got people,
including kings, to obey
them by the use of
excommunication!
Following the death of
Charlemagne the Holy
Roman Empire
(Germany) emerged as
the kingdom strongest
from his line
The H.R.E. and the
pope developed a
special relationship-Otto
I and People Leo III
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Section 4:
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Church became fearful
of kings powers over lay
investiture-a ceremony
in which kings and
nobles appointed
church officials-they
yielded real power over
the Church
1075 People Gregory
VII banned the practice
Gregory vs. Henry IV of
Germany- Later asked
for forgiveness
Wasn’t
excommunicated
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Resulted in Concordat of
Worms in 1122: the Church
alone could choose a bishop
yet the emperor had the veto
power to prevent the
appointment of a bishop
1152 German princes elected
Frederick I “Barbarossa”
emperor
He launched attacks on rich
lands-resources
Angered Italian merchants.
Formed an alliance against
Frederick I (Lombard
League)
1176 meet at the Battle of
Legnano-lost
Result-weakened German
state due to picking
emperors and continued
clashes with the Church