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Principles of Organic and Biochemistry Ellen J. Wilson, RPh, PhD College of Southern Maryland Friedrick WÖhler is the “father” of organic chemistry What is Organic Chemistry? carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen phosphorus sulfur halogens Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons Compounds that contain mostly carbon and hydrogen Also called alkanes Methane Ethane Propane Are CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 called saturated alkanes Look Back to CHE1200 Saturated Hydrocarbons Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons Some alkanes are cyclic—cycloalkanes Cyclopropane Cylcobutane Cyclopentane Cyclohexane C3H6 C4H8 C5H10 C6H12 Cycloalkanes Another View of Cycloalkanes Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons Some alkanes are substituted Can have other hydrocarbon groups or halogens on them in place of hydrogen Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons Some hydrocarbons are unsaturated Have double bonds or triple bonds in place of hydrogen in some places Look Back to CHE1200 REMEMBER-- Carbon satisfies the octet rule by forming 4 bonds Hydrogen satisfies the duet rule by forming 1 bond Ethane CH3CH3 alkane Ethene CH2CH2 alkene Ethyne CHCH alkyne Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons Unsaturated substituted hydrocarbons can also be Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons There is a special class of hydrocarbons called aromatic hydrocarbons They are cyclic and unsaturated Benzene is an example C 6H 6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Alcohols contain hydrocarbons plus an OH (hydroxyl) group Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Phenols contain a benzene ring plus an OH group Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Thiols contain an SH (sulfhydryl) group in place of the OH (hydroxyl) group Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Ethers contain a hydrocarbon group on either side of an oxygen Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Aldehydes and ketones contain carbon double bonded to oxygen Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Carboxylic acids contain carbon double bonded to oxygen with an OH (hydroxyl) group in place of one hydrogen Topics in CHE1230 Carbohydrates What Sugars Specialized oxygen-containing compounds Can are carbohydrates? be Monosaccharides (simple sugars) Disaccharides Polysaccharides (starch) Carbohydrates Topics in CHE1230 Amines and Amides Compounds that contain nitrogen Amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary Topics in CHE1230 Amines and Amides Amides contain carbon double bonded to oxygen plus an NH group Topics in CHE1230 Lipids What are lipids? FATS!!!!! Another type of oxygen-containing molecule A combination of long hydrocarbon and a carboxylic acid Fats can be saturated or unsaturated Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry is the application of chemistry—both organic and inorganic— to living organisms Topics in CHE1230 Proteins The nitrogen-containing compounds in your body are proteins They are very large molecules They are made of specialized molecules called amino acids Enzymes are specialized proteins Topics in CHE1230 Molecular Genetics DNA RNA Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism What happens to the foods you eat? Carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism What happens to the foods you eat? Lipid metabolism B-oxidation Talk about how carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are linked Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism Talk about the role that insulin plays in both of them Talk about American diets Include protein metabolism as well In Lab Today You Will Look at Various Properties of Hydrocarbons: Addition reactions with bromine Unsubstituted compound to a substituted compound Oxidation reactions Hydrocarbon to an alcohol In Lab Today: Flammability of hydrocarbons Burn cleanly = alkane Burns a little smoky = alkene Burn very smoky = aromatic In Lab Today: Boiling Point Determination From CHE1200 What determines boiling point? What kind of compounds have high boiling points? Low boiling points?
