Download Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

You need…
• 3 colored pencils or
markers:
Red
Blue
Yellow
• Your periodic table
of elements
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
In the center of Matterville, there is a
place called the Nucleus Arcade, Name:
where two members of the Atoms Patty Proton
Family like to hang out. Perky Description:
Patty Proton, like her sisters, is Positive
quite large with a huge smile and Favorite Activity:
eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
happy and has a very positive
personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron
Name:
is large like Patty, but she has a
Nelda Neutron
boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero
expression (o). Her family is very Description:
apathetic
and
neutral
about Neutral
everything. Patty, Nelda, and their Favorite Activity:
sisters spend all their time at the Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
arcade.
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will
find a series of roadways that are used
by another member of the Atoms Family,
Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races
madly around the Arcade on his bright
red chrome-plated Harley-Davidson. He
rides so fast that no one can be sure
where he is at any time. Elliott is much
smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is
always angry because these bigger
relatives will not let him in the Arcade.
He has a frown on his face, eyes that are
squinted with anger, and a very negative
(-) attitude.
Name:
Elliott Electron
Description:
Negative
Favorite Activity:
Racing around the arcade
The first energy street can only hold
only two Electron brothers. The second
energy street, called the Energy
Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third
energy street, called the Energy
Superhighway, can hold 18 of the
brothers.
Energy Superhighway
Can hold 18 electrons
Energy Freeway
Can hold 8
electrons
Energy Street
Can hold 2
electrons
Nucleus Arcade
Contains protons & neutrons
The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother
is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in
Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott
Electron was kidnapped?
The Atom
Part A: How big is an atom?
Let’s investigate the world of
the very small by cutting a
28 centimeter strip of paper
in half as many times as you
can. If you can cut the strip of
paper in half 31 times you
will end up with a piece of
paper the size of an atom!
Part A: How big is an atom?
What you will do:
• Take your strip of paper and cut it into equal
halves.
• Cut one of the remaining pieces of paper into
equal halves.
• Continue to cut the strip into equal halves as
many times as you can.
• Make all cuts parallel to the first one. When the
width gets longer than the length, you may cut
off the excess, but that does not count as a cut.
Part A: How big is an atom?
How far did you get? _______ cuts
What is that equal to?
Cut 1: Child's hand, pockets
Cut 2: Fingers, ears, toes
Cut 3: Watch, mushroom, eye
Cut 4: Keyboard keys, rings, insects
Cut 6: Poppy seeds
Cut 8: Thread. Congratulations if you’re still in!
Cut 10: Still cutting? Most have quit by now!!
Cut 12: Microscopic range, human hair
Cut 14: Width of paper, microchip components
Cut 18: Water purification openings, bacteria
Cut 19: Visible light waves
Cut 24: Electron microscope range
Cut 31: The size of an Atom!
Here are some comparisons to think about!
Part B: The Smallest Part of Matter
You need 3 colored pencils…
• Red
• Blue
• Yellow
All matter is made of very tiny particles.
These particles keep the same
characteristics or properties that the matter
has. These particles are called atoms. All
atoms are about the same size and they are
VERY tiny. An atom is more than one million
times smaller than the thickness of a single
hair on your head. It would take billions of
atoms just to make up the period after the
end of this sentence.
Because atoms are so small, scientists have
never really been able to see them. Using
very powerful microscopes, scientists have
been able to see evidence of atoms and how
they behave. From these observations, they
have developed a model of what they
believe atoms look like. The most recent
model is known as the Electron Cloud
model.
Positive charge
Heavy particle
Lives in the nucleus
A. Proton
+
+
+
B. Neutron
No charge
Lives in nucleus
+
+
+
C. Nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Mass of the atom
+
+
+
D. Electron
Negative Charge
Very light
Lives in shells
Moves fast
+
+
+
What element
does this atom
model represent?
Just how small is an atom?
You need 4 colored pencils or
markers…
• Red
• Blue
• Yellow
• Green
• Your periodic table of elements
Dogs
Teaching
Chemistry!
Part C: Atomic Structure
1. Draw five protons in the nucleus
of the atom. Label them with their
charge.
2. Draw six neutrons in the nucleus
of the atom.
3. Draw TWO electrons in the first
energy level and label them with
their charge.
4. Draw THREE electrons in the
second energy level and label
them with their charge.
5. What element is represented by
the diagram?
BORON
Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table:
_____
# of _______________ and # of _______________
_____
Sodium
_____
_______________ + _______________
Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table:
11
Na
Sodium
23
Atomic Number
# of _______________ and # of _______________
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
_______________ + _______________
Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table:
PE
11
Na
Sodium
23
Atomic Number
# of PROTONS and # of ELECTRONS
Symbol
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
Part E: We can use this information to calculate the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
of each element.
11
Na
Sodium
Atomic Number: _____
Atomic Mass: _____
# P _____
# N _____
23
# E _____
Part E: We can use this information to calculate the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
of each element.
PE
11
Na
Sodium
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
23
# E 11
11 P
12 N
Part E: We can use this information to calculate the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
of each element.
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
# E 11
Electrons live in shells:
1st = ______
2nd = ______
3rd = ______
11 P
12 N
Part E: We can use this information to calculate the
number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
of each element.
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
Electrons live in shells:
1st = 2
2nd = 8
11 P
12 N
3rd = 18
# E 11
Bohr Model
A. Name an element that has larger atoms than sodium. ________________________
B. Name an element that has smaller atoms that sodium. ________________________
Atomic Math Challenge
11
Na
Sodium
23
Atomic Number
Atomic number equals the number of
Symbol
Element Name
PROTONS and ELECTRONS
Atomic mass equals the number of
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
Atomic Mass
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to
represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent
metalloids.
Let’s Try It!
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = _____
Atomic Mass= _____
# of Protons = ______
# of Neutrons = ______
# of Electrons = ______
Let’s Try It!
PE
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
bottom - top
Is oxygen a metal, nonmetal or metalloid?
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
NONMETAL!
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to
represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent
metalloids.
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to
represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent
metalloids.
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
Homework
Complete the Atomic Math Challenge. Use colored pencils or
markers to color in each element square.
Atomic Math Challenge
8
O
Oxygen
16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
Atomic Math Challenge
30
Zn
Zinc
65
Atomic # = 30
Atomic Mass= 65
# of Protons = 30
# of Neutrons = 35
# of Electrons = 30
Atomic Math Challenge
3
Li
Lithium
7
Atomic # = 3
Atomic Mass= 7
# of Protons = 3
# of Neutrons = 4
# of Electrons = 3
Atomic Math Challenge
14
Si
Silicon
28
Atomic # = 14
Atomic Mass= 28
# of Protons = 14
# of Neutrons = 14
# of Electrons = 14
Atomic Math Challenge
5
B
Boron
11
Atomic # = 5
Atomic Mass= 11
# of Protons = 5
# of Neutrons = 6
# of Electrons = 5
Atomic Math Challenge
35
Br
Bromine
80
Atomic # = 35
Atomic Mass= 80
# of Protons = 35
# of Neutrons = 45
# of Electrons = 35
Atomic Math Challenge
16
S
Sulfur
32
Atomic # = 16
Atomic Mass= 32
# of Protons = 16
# of Neutrons = 16
# of Electrons = 16
Atomic Math Challenge
53
I
Iodine
127
Atomic # = 53
Atomic Mass= 127
# of Protons = 53
# of Neutrons = 74
# of Electrons = 53
Atomic Math Challenge
25
Mn
Manganese
55
Atomic # = 25
Atomic Mass= 55
# of Protons = 25
# of Neutrons = 30
# of Electrons = 25
Atomic Math Challenge
12
Mg
Magnesium
24
Atomic # = 12
Atomic Mass= 24
# of Protons = 12
# of Neutrons = 12
# of Electrons = 12
Atomic Math Challenge
18
Ar
Argon
40
Atomic # = 18
Atomic Mass= 40
# of Protons = 18
# of Neutrons = 22
# of Electrons = 18
Atomic Math Challenge
19
K
Potassium
39
Atomic # = 19
Atomic Mass= 39
# of Protons = 19
# of Neutrons = 20
# of Electrons = 19
Atomic Math Challenge
79
Au
Gold
197
Atomic # = 79
Atomic Mass= 197
# of Protons = 79
# of Neutrons = 118
# of Electrons = 79
Atomic Math Challenge
1
H
Hydrogen
1
Atomic # = 1
Atomic Mass= 1
# of Protons = 1
# of Neutrons = 0
# of Electrons = 1
Atomic Math Challenge
9
F
Fluorine
19
Atomic # = 9
Atomic Mass= 19
# of Protons = 9
# of Neutrons = 10
# of Electrons = 9