Download WORLD HISTORY Rome - Chattooga High

World History Transition
• Get your Chrome Book from the cart and get loggedon.
• Put your cell phones away. You won’t need them.
• Go to the SSWH3 Folder and pull-up the Power Point
on Rome.
• Quietly read the entire Power Point.
• Once you are done, quietly await further
instructions.
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Link for Webquest
• https://bruinhistorywebquests.wikispaces.co
m/Ancient+Rome+Webquest
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Think-Pair-Share
• What similarities did you see between the
Roman army and a modern army on a
battlefield?
• How do you think Rome’s army contributed to
its greatness as a civilization?
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Ancient Rome
From Republic to Empire
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Applicable Georgia Standard
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SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and
cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE
to 400 CE.
a. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman
Republic, and the Roman Empire.
b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates,
Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by
Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus
Caesar.
c. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include law,
gender, and science.
d. Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins and
diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world.
e. Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman
Empire.
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• In Rome, if one lived according to the “ways
of the fathers” and possessed the qualities of
loyalty, strength, and discipline, he was said
to have ________________.
a) aretes
b) gravitas
c) Spartan decor
d) patricianism
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• Which of the following are true of the family
unit in Rome?
a) it was ruled by the eldest male, the paterfamilias
b) the paterfamilias had absolute power of life and
death over his family
c) he controlled all of the family’s property
d) a and b
e) all of the above
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• For about 500 years, the Romans ruled
themselves by electing officials to govern
them. This type of indirect rule by the people
is called a(n)
a) direct democracy
b) dictatorship
c) republic
d) constitutional monarchy
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• ____________ was the first Roman Emperor.
a) Hadrian Caesar
b) Augustus Caesar
c) Saddam Hussein
d) Bugs Bunny Hussein Caesar
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• The ________________ became the great,
wealthy, landowning and ruling class of
Rome.
a) patricians
b) plebieans
c) Praetors
d) constables
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• _______________ refers to a 100-200-year
period of relative peace and prosperity within
the Roman Empire, beginning with the reign
of Octavian (Augustus Caesar).
a) Pax Americana
b) Golden Age
c) Pax Romana
d) Dorian Migrations
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Quiz/Exam Practice
• All of the following are principals of law a
Roman would recognize in the U.S. legal
system EXCEPT:
a) no capital punishment
b) no person judged guilty until facts were
determined
c) right to face accusers
d) if guilt is in doubt, person should be judged
innocent
e) unreasonable and unfair laws should be set aside
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ORIGINS: THE PEOPLE WHO BECAME
“THE ROMANS”
• Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans were the people
who became “Romans”
• Romans borrowed their religious ideas and were
polytheists
• They kept the Greek gods and stories, but gave
the gods different names
• Romans overthrew their kings and established a
republic (C. 509-264 BCE)
• Citizens now able to participate in their own
government within the Republic
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LIFE IN ROMAN SOCIETY
• Romans Highly Valued Family Ties
• “Ways of the fathers” – Emphasized loyalty, strength, and discipline
(gravitas)
• Family was the heart of Roman society
• The Roman family was ruled by the paterfamilias (the oldest male in the
family)
– He controlled all the family property
– He could also sell family members into slavery or kill them without
penalty
– Usually acted as the family’s protector and public spokesman
• Roman women managed the household
– Unlike Greek women, they were citizens and could own property and
testify in court
– Often advised their husbands on business/political matters
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Society was Divided Into Classes
• The patrician class was the privileged class
(aristocracy; nobles)
• The plebeian class was the lower class and consisted
of merchants, farmers, and artisans
– Plebeians could vote, although they had less
political power than the patrician class
• Birth alone determined one’s social class in Rome;
intermarriage between classes forbidden by law
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Rome Built a Mighty Army
• All male citizens, both patrician and plebeian,
were required to serve in the army (or navy)
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The Roman Republic Spread Its Power
• Romans ruled themselves as a republic for
about 500 years
• The first written Roman code of laws was the
Twelve Tables
– Twelve Tables were on display for all Romans in
the forum
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ROME ACHIEVED A BALANCED
GOVERNMENT
• By 275 BCE, Rome Was Part Monarchy, Part
Aristocracy, Part Democracy
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Office of Consul
• Consisted of two elected officials, instead of a
king
• They had the power of life and death in war
and great peacetime powers
– Both served one-year terms, had to wait ten (10)
years between terms; Each had veto power
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Senate
• Comprised of 100 patricians; appointed by
birthright
• They held most of the political power for a
very long time in the Republic
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Assembly
• Members were democratically elected by the
plebeian class
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Office of Dictator
• A dictator was appointed to rule in times of
crisis (i.e. war); power ran for six (6) months
• While in power, the dictator had absolute
power to make laws and command the
army/navy
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The forum
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THE RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR
• Julius Caesar Was One of History’s Ablest Generals
• He was not a cruel ruler, by the standards of his day
• Julius Caesar was not an overly moral man
• He was seemingly kind and generous; inclined to forget
grudges/turn enemies into friends
– He could be utterly ruthless
– He was a proud and vain man (and afficted with epilepsy,
which he tried to hide)
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Julius Caesar
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Caesar’s Rome
• By the end of the 2nd century BCE, the Roman Republic was the only
remaining Mediterranean power
• 146 BCE – Carthage had been completely destroyed by Roman forces
• Roman power was acknowledged and begrudged throughout the
Mediterranean world
– No kingdoms/tribes in contact with Rome could match its power
– They had no hope of uniting against it
• Greeks were astonished by the growth of Roman power and influence
– They originally considered the Romans “western barbarians”
– The defeat of Greek forces on the Italian Peninsula happened fairly
quickly
• Basically, it took the Romans about half a century at fairly low cost
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Julius Caesar and the Triumverate
• Sulla, another Roman general and political rival, intended to kill Caesar
– Caesar borrowed money from his friend, Crassus, and bribed Sulla’s
soldiers
• Caesar sought governorship of one of Rome’s provinces, as a way to
wealth (from plunder)
• Caesar joined forces with Crassus and his own father-in-law, Pompey
– They took control of the government and ruled as the First
Triumverate
• Each held the title of “Consul”
– The Senate and Assembly were basically bullied into following their
decisions
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CAESAR CONQUERS GAUL AND RETURNS TO
RULE ROME AS A DICTATOR
Caesar as Consul
• Caesar served one year as consul then appointed
himself governor of Gaul (modern-day France)
– He then led his army into Gaul to subdue the
Germanic tribes
• 49 BCE – With Gaul subdued and Pompey vulnerable
in Rome, Caesar led his army back into Italy
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44 BCE – Caesar Assumed
Absolute Rule of Rome
• Convinced the Senate to appoint him
“dictator” for 10 years
• Some senators feared he wanted to become a
“king;” Caesar expanded Senate to 900
members from 100
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Julius Caesar Was Murdered in the
Senate
• March 15, 44 BCE – “Ides of March”
• Caesar was stabbed to death by Senators in a
plot led by his “friends,” Brutus and Cassius
• Both had been longtime friends of his
• Many senators had been fearful of Caesar’s
new power
• Civil war followed his death
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THE ROMAN EMPIRE
• THE REIGN OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR AND THE
PAX ROMANA
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Julius Caesar’s Grandnephew,
Octavian, Assumed Power
• Octavian took the title of Augustus Caesar;
Rome no longer ruled as a republic by the
Senate/Assembly
• His reign lasted 41 years and a period known
as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
– Pax Romana was a period of relative peace within
Roman Empire (27 BCE-180 CE)
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Augustus Caesar Established Sound Government
• He built a very strong military and had the power to tax
• Trade and transportation were encouraged and infrastructure
built
– Common coinage was established; extensive road systems
were built
– Aqueducts were built to carry water from hills to nearby
population centers; Romans were the first to built with
concrete
• Augustus commissioned Greek architects to design temples
and other building
• Augustus also established a civil service to maintain roads,
bridges, and aqueducts
– A postal system was also established
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Roman Aqueduct
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Important Principles of Roman Law
• Early Roman law (i.e. the Twelve Tables) concerned itself with
the rights of Roman citizens
• Romans later came to believe that the law should apply to all
people
• Basic legal precepts:
– No person should be judged guilty of a crime until the
facts have been determined
– A person charged with a crime should have the right to
face his/her accusers and defend himself/herself before a
judge
– If in doubt about one’s guilt, that person should be judge
innocent
– Unreasonable and unfair laws should be set aside
• The principles of Roman law have endured long after the
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Roman Empire ceased toSSWH3
exist!
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TRANSFORMATION OF THE ROMAN WORLD
455 CE – Western half of the empire was fought over and
controlled by Germanic forces
• Rome was sacked by Vandals
• Germanic military leaders then dominated Europe
• 476 CE – The last Roman emperor lost his throne to a
barbarian king
– This was the end of the western half of the Roman Empire
– King Odoacer displaced emperor Romulus Augustulus
– Eastern half of the empire became known as the
“Byzantine Empire”
• This empire flourished for another 1,000 years
• Capital of Byzantium was renamed “Constantinople,” in
honor of emperor Constantine
– Today, it is Istanbul,
Turkey
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Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture
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